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Monday, 06 October 14
' COAL-BY-WIRE' FROM SUMATRA TO JAVA - THE JAKARTA POST
 Coal from the island of Sumatra accounts for most of Indonesia’s low-grade lignite, a low-quality coal that receives a poor price in international markets.
Given this low pricing combined with high transportation costs and the fact that most reserves are located in landlocked areas, it is not feasible to export Sumatra’s coal out of the island.
It is more efficient to use Sumatra’s coal for a mine-mouth power plant, an approach in which we develop a power plant very close to where mines are located, use the low-calorie coal from the mines to feed the plant, and transmit the electricity, rather than transporting a low-value commodity, out of the mines.
With mine-mouth, we no longer require either barges or expensive railway-heavy infrastructure to transport coal; rather we need to have long-distance high-voltage transmission lines to bring “coal-by-wire” from mines to consumer centers, either regions in Sumatra and/or Java-Bali.
Essentially, with “coal-by-wire” we are transporting a higher-value commodity by wire from mines to customers. Coal stays in the landlocked areas and feeds mine-mouth, coal-fired power plants.
“Coal-by-wire” would definitely boost the development of a domestic market for low-grade coal. Today, our market for coal is very thin as we are one of the world’s leading exporters of thermal coal of a high quality in the international market.
Our exports have increased very significantly within the past decade on account of demand from fast-growing Asian economies. More than 80 percent of our coal currently produced is exported.
Indeed, coal is currently the most important source of energy for our economy. For decades coal has accounted for more than half of our power-generation capacity. And this will continue for a half century to come before alternative and cleaner energy sources other than coal become affordably available.
Our economy is also growing, and of course will require more electricity power and therefore coal – challenges that have to be met. Electricity generation now consumes close to 75 million tons per year, and will almost triple in the next 10 to 15 years.
However, domestic use of coal today notoriously suffers from infrastructure bottlenecks. Congested barges and ports, as well as a shortage of railways limit the transportation of coal from coalmines in two coal-producing regions, Kalimantan and Sumatra, to demand centers in Java-Bali, where most of our power plants are located.
The majority of our coal reserves in the two regions are located in landlocked areas that require rail transportation infrastructure to reach ports for export.
Either truck haul or rail is needed to transport the coal to barge ports and terminals.
Truck operating costs are about twice that of rail, but existing rail transportation infrastructure is severely insufficient.
Indonesia’s attempts to improve coal-transport infrastructure for the domestic market have not been very successful. Dedicated coal ports in Kalimantan have been planned for many years, but implementation has again faced bottleneck issues.
Specialized railways for coal in Sumatra have also been initiated, but this concept is still under development and has not yet received a higher-level mandate or legal authorization.
Delays in expanding the capacity of barge and transportation infrastructure cause inefficiencies and high transportation costs in domestic coal utilization. These high costs and infrastructure bottlenecks have held back the development of the domestic market for coal.
Our high-voltage transmission lines are also astonishingly limited. The state-owned electricity company (PLN) operates approximately 40,000 kilometers of transmission lines, with less than 15 percent of this total serving the island of Sumatra.
If we can build more mine-mouth, coal-fired power generation plants we will need to expand our transmission network across the island, interconnected to other transmission systems in Java-Bali.
A new set of lines of a high-voltage of 500 kilovolts and medium-voltage of 275 kV needs to be developed as a backbone network across the island, i.e. providing long-distance, reliable and stable transmission.
The distribution system and transformer capacity also need to be expanded to service a larger coverage of costumers and demand centers.
We are required also to develop an interconnected transmission system, as existing electricity transmission is not compatible across regions due to different systems and manufacturer standards adopted in the past.
The current initiative of developing inter-island interconnection lines between Java and Sumatra with 500kV High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines needs to be completed in harmony with the mine-mouth development.
These long-distance transmission and distribution lines, as well as interconnected systems are required to exist before a system of mine-mouth power plants is commissioned to ensure that electricity produced can be transmitted in a timely manner and with minimum cost.
Both the central and local governments must work hand-in-hand to endorse incentives to encourage the private sector — independent power producers (IPPs) — to develop mine-mouth power plants.
Incentives need to be designed to enhance the financial viability of IPPs’ mine-mouth power plant projects.
PLN as an off-taker of IPP plays a fundamental role as the “coal-by-wire” agent, and has to be ready to absorb all of the risks associated with the development and operation of the system, including the difficulties in land acquisition and intra-regional compatibility of transmission systems.
Sumatra with its huge resources of low-grade coal can secure its own electricity supply and, eventually, can be the source of low-cost electricity with its energy radiating not only to Java, but also to every corner of the country.
Source: The Jakarta Post
The writer is deputy for energy and mineral resources at the office of Coordinating Economic Minister.
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Tuesday, 02 December 14
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION FELL 1.4% WEEK ON WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world's one of the largest coal producers, produced approximately 18.6 million short tons (mmst) o ...
Tuesday, 02 December 14
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS LOST MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal for delivery Q1' 2015 lost month on month, week on week and day over day.
The Q1 swap has lost U ...
Tuesday, 02 December 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL Q1' 15 DELIVERY SWAP CLOSED AT US$ 49.50
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1' 2015 lost month on month, week over week and day on day.
The Q1 swap has lost US$ 0.4 ...
Monday, 01 December 14
SGX'S FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 2015 DELIVERY CLOSED AT US$ 52.50
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery closed at US$ 52.50 on 28 November after losing US$ 1.20 (-2.23%) month ove ...
Monday, 01 December 14
Q2' 15 DELIVERY CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP CLOSED 0.42% LOWER THAN Q1' 15 DELIVERY CLOSING
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery has decreased US$ 2.45 (-3.78%) month over month and US$ 0.67 (-1.06%) we ...
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- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Planning Commission, India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
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