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Wednesday, 23 July 14
HARD COAL 2013: THE WORLD'S SECOND-MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY SOURCE AND GUARANTOR FOR THE SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLIES DURING TIMES OF CRISIS
 Hard coal is again in 2013 the fastest-growing fossil primary energy source in the world. As shown in the BP Statistical Review 2014, it covered about 30% of the world’s demand for primary energy of 12.7 billion TOE (tonnes of oil equivalent).
According to the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), coal, which has a share of 56% of the reserves and about 89% of the resources of all fossil primary energy sources, has the greatest potential among all of the non-renewable energy sources and has been declared to be the most important energy source.
Hard coal is also broadly distributed over many regions, and calculations by the VDKi based on today’s quantities, prices, and costs indicate that there are sufficient quantities to last for at least another 110 years. Even if a significant coal-exporting country were to prohibit the export of coal tomorrow (speaking theoretically), producing countries on other continents would be able to compensate the loss without any problems.
The VDKi would like to call attention to the fact that the debate on the security of supply has become one-sided and closely focused on securing supply using primary energy sources tied to pipelines. The primary topic is the security of our electric power supply. Coal has a number of advantages in this respect. In contrast to renewable energies, it is available at all times. Moreover, it is not tied to pipeline facilities, can be stockpiled as an energy source right at power plant sites, is found all around the world, and there are many and varied means of transport across both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
Global hard coal consumption rises by 3%
According to initial estimates by BP in its Statistical Review 2014, global energy consumption of 12.7bn TOE (= tonne oil equivalent = 1 tonne OE = oil equivalent = 1.43 TCE) in 2013 rose by a little less than 2.3% in comparison with 2012 (12.5bn TOE). The background to this development is the low or non-existent growth in many OECD countries such as in Europe and Japan (with the exception of the USA). Coal consumption continued to increase in China (+4.4%) and India (+3.8%), on the other hand, although growth was more moderate than in previous years.
Coal consumption once again posted the strongest rise. In comparison with 2012, there was growth of 3%. The decline in coal consumption in the USA by 11.9% in 2012 was followed by growth of 4.3% in 2013. In terms of the average growth rates of 3.5% over the past five years, coal is and remains the Number 1 source of primary energy in the 21st century and has been the second-most important source of primary energy in the world since 2012, surpassed only by oil.
Estimates by the EU Commission indicate that total primary energy consumption in Europe declined by 0.6% (98m TOE) to 1.49bn TOE. The initial estimates indicate that there has been virtually no change in the mix of primary energy sources used for electric power generation in the EU 28. Hard coal and lignite together maintained their share of 27%, while hard coal alone posted a share of 19% in spite of the massive expansion of renewable energies. However, hard coal output in Europe declined by 15m tonnes to 114m tonnes. On the other hand, hard coal imports to the EU 28 rose by 3m tonnes (+1.4%) to 216m tonnes.
Seaborne world trade in steam coal grows by 6% World trade in hard coal totalling 1,237m tonnes in 2013 represented an increase of 73m tonnes (about 6%) in comparison with the previous year. Seaborne and internal trade posted the following development: in 2013, seaborne trade rose by 60m tonnes to 1,142m tonnes (= +5.5%), while internal trade increased by 18m tonnes (= +16%) to 95m tonnes. The steam coal market grew by 4% (37m tonnes) to a total of 863m tonnes.
Projections from the IEA show that the demand for coal will grow worldwide by an average of 2.3% p.a. over the coming years.
Preliminary calculations by the VDKi for the first four months of 2014 indicate that the seaborne hard coal market worldwide grew by just under 3% (10m tonnes) in comparison with the same period of the previous year.
Coking coal market grows by 9%
Worldwide crude steel production in 2013 reached the level of 1,607m tonnes, a new record. The increase by 3.5% (59m tonnes) occurred mainly in Asia (+6%) and in the Middle East (+2.5%). Crude steel production in Europe, North and South America, Russia and Korea declined by between 1.8% and 4.4%. Pig iron production, the decisive factor for the consumption of coking coal, PCI coal and coke, rose by 52m tonnes (about 5%) to 1,164m tonnes. The coking coal market increased correspondingly by 23m tonnes (+9%) to 279m tonnes.
With the exception of Australia, there were no fundamental changes in the supplier structure. Australia’s market share increased by another 8 percentage points and has now reached the mark of 61%. The USA again lost market share to Australia and now holds a share of 20%.
Hard coal and coke imports to Germany rise by 10%, hard coal consumption increases by 4%
The demand for domestic German and imported hard coal rose by 2.4m TCE (4.1%) to almost 61m TCE in 2013. About 86% of the demand for hard coal was covered by imports; domestic coal today covers only about 14%. Total imports of hard coal and coke reached a new record level of 52.8m tonnes in 2013, an increase by 4.9m tonnes (10%) over 2012.
Most of the hard coal sales go to power plants as the dominant buyers (71%; previous year 66%) and the iron and steel industry (26%; previous year 30%); the heating market (4%) plays only a subordinate role. The import demand for steam coal was covered primarily by Russia, the USA and Colombia, while the primary supplier countries for coking coal were Australia (45%) and the USA (30%).
Power generation from hard coal-fired power plants rose substantially in 2013 thanks to the favourable price situation in comparison with gas and the low CO2 certificate prices in European emission trading. Hard coal-fired power plants supplied 124 TWh of electric power, about 8 TWh (6.5%) more than in the past year, giving hard coal a share of more than 19% in the energy mix in 2013.
The balance in power exchange (total exports less imports) in 2013 amounted to about 34 TWh, an increase of 46% over 2012.
The price advantage of coal over gas (difference between the so-called clean dark spread less clean spark spread) in recent years has fluctuated between €-15 and €-25 per MWh. However, this difference favouring hard coal must not be allowed to obscure the fact that the revenues from power generation are inadequate because of the artificially low prices on the EEX and their unfair competitive advantage created by the priority given to feed-in of renewable energies.
A German hard coal-fired power plant has generation costs of between €50/MWH and €60/MWh, depending on its age. At the moment, however, it receives only about €35/MWh for the generated base load, i.e. it can usually achieve only very low contribution margins, if any at all, with the consequence that power revenues fall far short of covering the total operating costs.
This has prompted Dr Wolfgang Cieslik, VDKi CEO, to call on politicians for action:
“We urgently need a form of regulation which will guarantee hard coal-fired power plants a return to profitability in the long term as well because this is the only course which can guarantee the security and profitability of power supply and the successful realisation of the energy turnaround.”
Despite the increase in steam coal imports of 3.3% in Q1 2014, the VDKi estimates that only 37m tonnes of steam coal and 51m tonnes of hard coal and coke in total will be imported during all of 2014.
Price developments: A surplus in supply meets moderate demand
Developments in which a worldwide surplus in the supply of coal runs into demand which is not growing fast enough began in 2011, and the trend continued in 2013. Prices remained under pressure in 2013 as a result. From October 2013 to today (beginning of July 2014) alone, prices for steam coal fell from US$89/tonne to US$72/tonne, about 20%. The same is true of coking coal prices. Both coking coal and coke prices declined in 2013 because of the general slump in demand accompanied by a simultaneous expansion in supply.
While prices between US$160 and US$165/tonne were still being paid for coking coal at the beginning of 2013, this level had decreased to US$138/tonne by the end of 2013. This development continues to hold sway in 2014; as of the middle of 2014, spot prices for HCC quality had fallen to US$116/tonne.
- German Coal Importer Association -
About the German Coal Importer Association
The Verein der Kohlenimporteure e.V. (VDKi) is the lobby organisation for the hard coal import market in Germany. Its German and European members come from the sectors power, industry, trade and logistics. The Association currently has 78 members who consume about 70% of the German demand for hard coal of approximately 61 million tonnes in their facilities. The VDKi clearly represents the major part of the hard coal market (German domestic and imported hard coal) in Germany.
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Monday, 07 April 14
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS GAINED 2.09% M-O-M
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q2 14 deliveries gained 2.09 percent month on month and closed at US$ 75.68 per ...
Sunday, 06 April 14
THE FREIGHT MARKET KEEPS SLIDING
COALspot.com: The freight market continued to drop this week. The BDI (Baltic Dry Index) is a widely followed metric that reflects the overall r ...
Friday, 04 April 14
UNITED STATES COAL OUTPUT UP 5.4% IN PAST WEEK
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.9 million short tons (mmst) of coal i ...
Thursday, 03 April 14
PANAMAX SECTOR IS WATCHING A SEVERE DROP IN RATES - FEARNLEYS
Handy
A further weaker sentiment for the Supras as well in both hemispheres this week with oversupply of tonnage being the major headline. Tra ...
Wednesday, 02 April 14
CHINA: ARBITRATION CLAUSES IN BILLS OF LADING UNDER CHINESE LEGAL PRACTICE - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Successful incorporation of a charterparty arbitration clause into the bills of lading is not a straight forward matte ...
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Showing 3766 to 3770 news of total 6871 |
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- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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