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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 05 January 24
BANGLADESH’S 2023 COAL-FIRED POWER OUTPUT TRIPLED, EASING SHORTAGES - REUTERS
Bangladesh nearly tripled its coal-fired power output in 2023, a Reuters analysis of government data showed, helping it tide over the worst power s ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL TRADE CONTINUES TO HEAD EAST - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The global coal trade, once concentrated in the Pacific and Atlantic basins, is undergoing a significant transformation, as highlighted in the Inte ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL CARGOES: AVOIDING EXPLOSION AND SELF-HEATING - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Despite its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, global coal consumption climbed to an all-time high in 2022 and is ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
SINOPEC FORECASTS CHINA’S COAL CONSUMPTION TO PEAK AROUND 2025 - REUTERS
China Petrochemical Corp, or Sinopec, expects coal consumption to peak around 2025 at 4.37 billion metric tons, the state energy group said in an o ...
Thursday, 07 December 23
CHINA TO SET UP COAL PRODUCTION RESERVE TO STABILISE PRICES - REUTERS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
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- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
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- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
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- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
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- ASAPP Information Group - India
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- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
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- White Energy Company Limited
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
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- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
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- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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- Planning Commission, India
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- PTC India Limited - India
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- VISA Power Limited - India
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
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- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
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- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
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- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
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- Posco Energy - South Korea
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- Economic Council, Georgia
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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