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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 08 January 24
KOSPO TO BUY 80000 MT OF INDONESIAN LOW CALORIFIC VALUE COAL FOR FEB 2024
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for the supply of Indonesian Low Calorific Value Coal from qualified suppliers for Korean ...
Monday, 08 January 24
SEABORNE TRADE REACHES 12.4BN TONNES - CLARKSONS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
Monday, 08 January 24
CAPESIZES START THE NEW YEAR ON POSITIVE NOTE - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Capesize
This week the capsize market has been marked by a mix of activities and challenges. Despite a slow start following the Christmas and N ...
Friday, 05 January 24
MORGAN STANLEY SEES LOWER OIL PRICES IN 2024 ON OVERSUPPLY CONCERNS - REUTERS
Morgan Stanley sees Brent crude prices anchored near $80 per barrel in the first half in 2024 before declining towards the end of the year as it ex ...
Friday, 05 January 24
INDIA'S COAL OUTPUT RISES NEARLY 11 PC IN DEC TO 92.87 MT - PTI
India’s coal production increased by 10.75 per cent to 92.87 million tonne in December 2023 as compared to the year-ago period, an official s ...
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
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- The University of Queensland
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- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- PTC India Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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