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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Thursday, 13 September 12
PANAMAX: THE NEGATIVE TREND, POOR SENTIMENT CONTINUES - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
Lack of cargoes and a growing list of available ships is causing rates to slip for all Atlantic trades.
The only trade keeping somewhat s ...
Thursday, 13 September 12
FUEL EFFICIENT SHIPS MAY BE MORE EXPENSIVE, BUT THEY MAKE FINANCIAL SENSE SAYS ANALYSIS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The latest trend in shipbuilding is the so called "Eco" ship, i.e. ships which offer much better fuel consumption and are more cost-effect ...
Wednesday, 12 September 12
INDIAS COALGATE: TIME FOR A ROOT CANAL
A recent report from India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) pertaining to the allocation of coal blocks has created a political storm i ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
CLOUDY AND POLICY RISK INDONESIAN COAL INDUSTRY
COALspot.com - Bahana Securities in its latest coal outlook, commented on the Indonesian coal market, with economic slowdown in the four largest coa ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
SHIP OWNERS KEEN ON SECOND HAND VESSEL PURCHASES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
With most ship owners back from their summer rest, things are starting to pick up again in the second hand vessel market, with more and more deals b ...
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Economic Council, Georgia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Planning Commission, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
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