We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 22 November 12
HANDY: INDO-INDIA, LARGE ECO SUPRA NOW FIXED AT USD 12500 - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The north Continent is seeing plenty of tonnages but lack of cargoes. TA business are around 11k and fronthaul is around 17k.Tonnages has tig ...
Thursday, 22 November 12
DRY BULK MARKET RISE, BUT OUTLOOK SEEN DIM ON THE BACK OF RECORD NEW BUILDING DELIVERIES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has been under hefty pressure since the start of the year, as a result of record newbuilding deliveries and below-par demand for ...
Wednesday, 21 November 12
LITTLE IMPACT FROM DISSOLUTION OF BP MIGAS ON INDONESIAN OIL & GAS COMPANIES - FITCH
Fitch Ratings has said that the recent court order to abolish the Indonesian upstream oil and gas regulator, BP Migas, has minimal immediate impact ...
Wednesday, 21 November 12
ORPHEUS ENERGY SECURES FIRST COAL OFF TAKE CONTRACT
COALspot.com - Orpheus Energy Limited (ASX:OEG) has announced that it has signed a coal sales contract with an Indonesian steel manufacturing compan ...
Tuesday, 20 November 12
AUSTRALIAN NEWCASTLE PORT HAS LOADED 13.18 PERCENT LESS COAL W-W
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,691,731 MT of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 19 November 2012, Newc ...
|
|
|
Showing 4491 to 4495 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Planning Commission, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
|
| |
| |
|
