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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 27 November 12
NEWCASTLE PORT HAS SHIPPED 1.79 MILLION TONS OF COAL W/E 26 NOVEMBER
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 1,793,841 MT of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 26 November 2012, Newc ...
Sunday, 25 November 12
INDONESIA TO INDIA SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FIRM - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market was buoyant this week with all sectors up except for the Cape size index. The BDI was up by 5.21 pct closing at 10 ...
Sunday, 25 November 12
INDONESIAN SUB BITUMINOUS COAL SWAP CONTRACTS SLIDE
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for February 2013 delivery lost 0.76percent WoW but gained 0.16 percent DoD on Friday ...
Saturday, 24 November 12
DELTA DUNIA MAKMUR PRODUCES 3.2 MILLION TONS OF COAL IN OCTOBER
COALspot.com - PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk., has removed 31.1 million bcm* (-4.0% YoY) of Overburden in October 2012 totaled while coal production was ...
Friday, 23 November 12
CHOOSING THE RIGHT TIME TO INVEST IN NEW VESSELS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Shipping is all about timing, a process often rising to the height of artform, as ship owners are having to pick the exact moment of selling most of ...
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- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The University of Queensland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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