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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 02 October 13
HOW LONG WILL THIS LATEST CAPESIZE RALLY LAST? - TASOS PAPADOPOULOS
By Tasos Papadopoulos, SnP Broker, Intermodal
The surge in iron ore trade has translated into a massive boost in daily earnings for capes; with t ...
Tuesday, 01 October 13
DRY BULK MARKET POISED FOR RETREAT ON CHINA HOLIDAY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The start of a national weeklong in China as of Tuesday is expected to put a lid in the latest rally of the dry bulk freight market, as has always b ...
Monday, 30 September 13
NEWCASTLE'S COAL EXPORT VOLUME CONTINUES TO SLIP
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port fell 8.38 per cent week on week to 2.67 million mt fo ...
Monday, 30 September 13
PANAMAX CHARTER RATES TOUCHING US$ 18K FOR A TRIP TO NOPAC - CAPT. REDDY
COALspot.com : The freight market continued to remain firm, BDI and the Panamax index up week ended 27 September 2013.
The cape index was fell to ...
Sunday, 29 September 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL Q3 2014 DELIVERY SWAP GAINED $1.19 M-O-M
COALspot.com : SGX has launched API 8 CFR South China Coal Swap on 29 April 2013 and SGX replaced the previous swap.
API 8 CFR South China Coal s ...
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Planning Commission, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Minerals Council of Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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