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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Monday, 07 October 13
SGX - CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS END ALMOST FLAT
COALspot.com : SGX has launched API 8 CFR South China Coal Swap on 29 April 2013 and SGX replaced the previous swap.
API 8 CFR South China Coal s ...
Monday, 07 October 13
Q3'14 SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP CLOSED 6.53% HIGHER THAN Q4'13
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery gained 0.53 % on day and fell 2.33 percept month on month ...
Sunday, 06 October 13
DRY BULK FREIGHT MARKET STAYS STEADY IN SPITE CHINESE HOLIDAYS - SOLYM CARRIERS SINGAPORE
COALspot.com: The freight market continued to remain firm in spite of Chinese holidays.
The BDI closed at 2,084 points on Friday 4 October or up ...
Saturday, 05 October 13
CAPESIZE EARNINGS SKYROCKET AS A RESULT OF INCREASED CHINA DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
An increased iron ore demand has triggered this latest dry bulk rally, which could get yet another boost during next week, when China is expected to ...
Friday, 04 October 13
NICKEL ORE SHIPMENTS - LESSONS LEARNED FROM LOSSES
One of the most pressing problems for the bulk shipping industry is the safe carriage of nickel ore. The increasing demand for this commodity is fue ...
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- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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