We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Sunday, 23 November 14
ITALY'S STEAM COAL IMPORTS TO DROP BY 11% IN 2014 - ASSOCARBONI
COALspot.com: Italy’s steam coal imports expected to drop to 16 million tons in 2014 (-11% compared to 2013); coking coal imports to plunge t ...
Saturday, 22 November 14
THE FALL IN BUNKER PRICES REDUCE FUEL COSTS SIGNIFICANTLY - BIMCO, PETER SAND
For a ship that burns 24 tonnes of fuel per day while steaming, fuel costs are reduced by as much as USD 1 million a year if current price level st ...
Saturday, 22 November 14
DRY BULKERS NEWBUILDING DELIVERIES REACHED 11.8 MILLION DWT DURING THIRD QUARTER, NET FLEET GROWTH FOR 2014 TO REACH 5% - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has rebounded since its less than impressive performance since the start of the year, but overall, third quarter figures could ...
Friday, 21 November 14
BUMI ENTERS INTO CONDITIONAL SALE & PURCHASE AGREEMENT TO SELL FBS STAKE
COALspot.com: PT Bumi Resources Tbk, one of the Indonesia's largest coal producers confirms that it has executed a Conditional Sale and Purchas ...
Friday, 21 November 14
U.S LAST WEEK'S COAL PRODUCTION STAYS FLAT W-O-W
COALspot.com – United States the world's one of the largest coal producers, produced approximately 18.9 million short tons (mmst) of coal ...
|
|
|
Showing 3356 to 3360 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Planning Commission, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
