We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 25 November 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP FOR Q2' 15 DELIVERY CLOSED AT $ 49.55
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1' 2015 lost month on month, gained week on week.
The Q1 swap has lost US$ 0.12 (-0.24%) ...
Monday, 24 November 14
CHOPPY WATERS IN DRY BULK - SGX
COALspot.com: Dry bulk freight rates have experienced a sharp rise in volatility in recent weeks as bulk commodity supply has ramped up, said SGX i ...
Monday, 24 November 14
Q1 2015 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP CLOSED AT $ 52.73
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery closed at US$ 52.73 on 21 November after losing US$ 0.40 (-0.75%) month ove ...
Monday, 24 November 14
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL: Q2' 15 COAL SWAPS CLOSED LOWER COMPARED TO Q1' 15 SWAPS
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery has decreased US$ 0.63 (-0.99%) month over month and US$ 0.12 (-0.19%) da ...
Sunday, 23 November 14
SPOT FREIGHT RATES IMPROVED SLIGHTLY OVER PREVIOUS WEEK
COALspot.com: The BDI was up 5.41 pct week on week and closed at 1,324 points on Friday. All the segments were up this week except Panamax index.&n ...
|
|
|
Showing 3351 to 3355 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The University of Queensland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
|
| |
| |
|
