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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 28 April 15
Q2' 15 FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP CLOSED 4.18% HIGHER FROM MONTH AGO
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q2' 2015 increased month over month and slightly week over week.
The Q2 swap ha ...
Monday, 27 April 15
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION FELL BELOW ONE BILLION SHORT TONS IN 2013 - EIA
COALspot.com: For the first time in two decades, U.S. coal production fell below one billion short tons to 984.8 million short tons in 2013 from 1, ...
Monday, 27 April 15
Q3' 2015 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP CLOSED 3.69% LOWER THAN Q2' 2015 PRICE OF $46.36
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery gained US$ 0.19 per MT (0.41%) month over month and US$ 0.78 week on week. ...
Monday, 27 April 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP SLOWLY IMPROVED THIS PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 0.74 (-1.41%) per MT month over month and increased US$ 0.43 ...
Sunday, 26 April 15
DRY BULK MARKET KEPT IMPROVING THIS WEEK; CAPES AND PANAMAXES SHOW A SLIGHT PICKUP IN RATES
COALspot.com: The freight market was stable this week as BDI closed at 600 points after improving 0.50 percent week over week.
The cape ...
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
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