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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 05 May 15
OVERSUPPLY PUTTING INDONESIAN COAL PRICES UNDER PRESSURE
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q3 2015 lost week over week and month on month, this past week.
The Q3 swap was declined US$ 1 ...
Tuesday, 05 May 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS MOVE NORTH THIS PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 increased month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap has increas ...
Monday, 04 May 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP Q1'16 PRICES SLIGHTLY LOWER COMPARED TO Q3'15 PRICE
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery gained US$ 1.38 per MT (3.12%) month over month and US$ 0.93 week on week. ...
Monday, 04 May 15
Q1' 2016 CFR SOUTH CHINA THERMAL COAL SWAP CLOSED HIGH THAN 2015 DERIVATIVES
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 0.15 (-0.29%) per MT month over month and increased US$ 0.07 ...
Sunday, 03 May 15
DRY BULK INDICES WEAKEN SLIGHTLY THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market was flat to weak for the week starting from 27 April. The BDI was fell around 2.17% closed at 580 points.
...
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PTC India Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Planning Commission, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
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