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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 09 September 15
FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP LOSE GROUND ON SLOWING DEMAND
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery 4Q 2015 declined month on month and week over week.
The 4Q swap declined $ 1.92 (-4.52%) per t ...
Tuesday, 08 September 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS CONTINUE TO SHOW DECLINING TREND
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery 4Q' 2015 declined week over week and month over month.
The 4Q swap was down US$ ...
Tuesday, 08 September 15
GANGAVARAM PORT IN INDIA DISCHARGES RECORD 112,599 MT OF STEAM COAL IN 24 HOURS
COALspot.com: Gangavaram Port, an all weather, multipurpose port with water depth up-to 21 meters, capable of handling fully laden Super Cap ...
Monday, 07 September 15
THE MINE OF THE FUTURE WILL HAVE ONLY TWO EMPLOYEES, A MAN AND A DOG - SCOTT MCGOWAN
"The Technology and Innovation in Mining 2015" production team at Information Exchange Group interviewed Scott Mcgowan, Director, Global ...
Monday, 07 September 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP FOR Q2' 16 DELIVERY CLOSED US CENTS 25 LOWER COMPARED TO Q4' 15
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery declined $0.73 per MT (-1.68%) month over month to US$ 42.65 per mt. The sw ...
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- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- White Energy Company Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Planning Commission, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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