We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 15 September 15
Q2'16 RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS DIP TO $ 51.10 PER TON
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery 4Q' 2015 declined week over week and month over month.
The 4Q swap was down US$ ...
Tuesday, 15 September 15
API 5 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP FOR 4Q' 2015 DELIVERY CLOSED AT $42.71 PER TON ON 11 SEPT, SGX DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery declined $0.94 per MT (-2.15%) month over month to US$ 42.71 per mt. The sw ...
Monday, 14 September 15
Q1'16 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP DECLINED $1.80 PMT M-M
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery declined just US$ 1.62 (3.21 %) per MT month over month.
A commodity ...
Monday, 14 September 15
MOODY'S LOWERS COMMODITY PRICE ASSUMPTIONS ON MACRO, INDUSTRY FACTORS
COALspot.com: Moody's Investors Service has lowered its base metal price assumptions for 2015-17 as slowing growth in China, lower oil prices, ...
Sunday, 13 September 15
FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE SOFT NEXT WEEK
COALspot.com: The BDI decreased further by 6.51 per cent or 57 points since last Friday and closed at 818 on 11 September 2015 while the cape index ...
|
|
|
Showing 2816 to 2820 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
