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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 23 September 15
INDONESIA: NEW REGULATION APPLIES FINAL INCOME TAX TO MINERAL AND COAL SALES - FLORENCE GRACIA SANTOSO
To increase state revenue from the mining sector, the Government of Indonesia has imposed a new final income tax on any sale of mineral and coal, a ...
Tuesday, 22 September 15
1Q16 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP DECLINED 6.49 PER CENT M-M
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery 4Q 2015 declined month on month and week over week.
The 4Q swap declined $ 2.29 (-5.42%) per t ...
Tuesday, 22 September 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS FALL CONTINUES
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery 4Q' 2015 declined week over week and month over month.
The 4Q swap was down US$ ...
Monday, 21 September 15
Q4' 15 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP CLOSED HIGHER THAN Q2' 16 SWAP
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery increased $0.43 per ton (1.01%) month over month to US$ 42.95 per ton. The ...
Monday, 21 September 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP GAINED WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery declined just US$ 0.45 (0.90 %) per ton month over month.
A commodit ...
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The University of Queensland
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
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