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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Thursday, 01 October 15
SOUTH KOREA'S KOMIPO SEEKS SPOT BITUMINOUS COAL SUPPLIES
COALspot.com: South Korean state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an new tender for 265,000 Metric Tons (MT) of minimum 4,600 kcal ...
Wednesday, 30 September 15
Q1'16 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP FALLS $1.25 A TON AS SLIDE CONTINUES
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q4 2015 declined month on month and week over week.
The Q4 swap declined $ 0.72 (-1.78%) per t ...
Wednesday, 30 September 15
NEW BUILDING MARKET INSIGHT
COALspot.com: This year has been, beyond any doubt, a rather strenuous one for the newbuilding market. Ordering activity with regards to Dry Bulker ...
Tuesday, 29 September 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS ARE SLIDING
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q4' 2015 declined week over week and month over month.
The Q4 swap was down US$ ...
Monday, 28 September 15
API 5 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAPS UP $2.15 IN ONE MONTH
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q4’ 2015 delivery increased $2.10 per ton (5.15%) month over month to US$ 42.93 per ton. The ...
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- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Planning Commission, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
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