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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Thursday, 07 May 20
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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