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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Tuesday, 07 July 20
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- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- White Energy Company Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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