We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 06 January 10
SAS 2009 COAL EXPORTS THROUGH RBCT FLAT AT 61MT
Exports through South Africa’s Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) remained flat in 2009, as the terminal faced “critical business challen ...
Wednesday, 06 January 10
BUMI SHARES UP AS OVERALL PERFORMANCE BEATS PREDICTIONS
The world’s largest thermal coal exporter PT Bumi Resources saw its shares jump 10 percent to Rp 2,675 ($29 US cents) on Tuesday after the com ...
Wednesday, 06 January 10
INDIA MAY HAVE BECOME TOP BUYER OF SOUTH AFRICAN COAL
India may have overtaken Europe for the first time as the biggest purchaser of South African coal in 2009, according to Raymond Chirwa, Richards Bay ...
Wednesday, 06 January 10
COAL PEAK RECEDES INTO THE FAR DISTANCE
COALspot.com (German): Coal will be available to mankind as an energy source for the next 120 years.
The German Coal Importer Association has ca ...
Tuesday, 05 January 10
SUPRAMAX MARKET REMAINED QUIET OVER THE LAST 10 DAYS BRS - DRY BULK
Despite a damp end to the year for bulk rates, shipping has weathered the storm far better than was initially expected in the wake of the financ ...
|
|
|
Showing 6116 to 6120 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Planning Commission, India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The University of Queensland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
|
| |
| |
|
