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Thursday, 25 March 21
'OMNIBUS LAW' REGULATION ON INDONESIA’S ENERGY AND MINING SECTORS TO BOOST COAL PROCESSING BUT ALSO RAISES QUESTIONS - ABNR
 February 2021 saw the issuance of a raft of new government regulations to give effect to the reformist Job Creation Law (colloquially known as the Omnibus Law), which entered into force on 2 November 2020. In this ABNR legal update, we discuss Government Regulation No. 25 of 2021 on the Energy and Mineral Sectors.
The government has issued a new regulation to give effect to the provisions of the Omnibus Law[1] relating to the mineral, coal, geothermal and power sectors. While the regulation makes some important changes, the overall purpose appears to be primarily to codify existing secondary legislation governing the relevant sectors.
The new instrument, Government Regulation No. 25 of 2021 on the Energy and Mineral Sectors (the “Regulation”),[2] was issued on 2 February 2021.
Due to the wide-ranging scope of the Regulation, we confine our analysis to its key provisions in this ABNR Legal Update.
A. Mining sector
Under the Omnibus Law, the holder of a Production-Operations Mining Business License (“IUP”) or Special Production-Operations Mining Business License (“IUPK”) for coal may be entitled to a complete exemption from the payment of royalties if it processes its coal production domestically, compared to an obligation to pay royalties of 3% to 7% (depending of calorific value and mining method) if it does not process its production domestically. This incentive should help boost investment in the coal processing industry (e.g., coal slurry, coal gasification and coal liquefaction), which is currently less developed than the mineral processing and refining industry.
The Regulation provides that the financial incentive will be given after approval by the Minister of Finance. Although not expressly stated, we believe the Minister of Finance will require a recommendation from the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (“MEMR”) before giving such approval as the Regulation stipulates the former should take into account considerations relating to energy sustainability and the fulfillment of industrial needs for raw materials, both of which come within the purview of the MEMR.
The financial incentives are not available for all coal that is produced by a mining license holder but only for certain types of coal that are processed domestically.
B. Geothermal Sector
The Regulation makes provision for the imposition of administrative sanctions and penalties on geothermal businesses that: (i) indirectly use geothermal energy without the required license or in a way that contravenes their license; (ii) fail to commence activities in their allocated work area within the stipulated timeframe; or (iii) fail to comply with the obligations set out in their license or the laws and regulations in general. By contrast, the Geothermal Law only imposes criminal sanctions for non-compliance with licenses.
It is prohibited for a holder of a geothermal license to assign it to a third party. Any violation of this prohibition is subject to administrative sanctions. Further, it is prohibited, once again subject to sanctions, for the holder of a geothermal license to sell its shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (“IDX”) without MEMR approval prior to the exploration stage.
While the text of the Regulation in this regard appears to only apply to a geothermal company that is itself listed on the IDX, and not to the holding company of a geothermal company listed on the IDX, it is as yet unclear whether this particular provision will be construed narrowly so as to exclude a holding company or widely so as to include it. The Regulation also fails to explain how the prohibition will be implemented and, more specifically, whether the IDX will be required to monitor transfers of shares of IPB holders so as to ensure that the prohibition is not violated.
C. Power Sector
The Omnibus Law has relaxed the rules in a number of key areas of the power sector, including the rules on operations areas, electricity-sector support services and joint utilization of electricity networks. However, it also imposes new obligations on electricity consumers. These changes have now been further fleshed out in the Regulation.
Under the Regulation, the term “public interest electricity business” covers (i) electricity generation; (ii) electricity transmission; (iii) electricity distribution; and (iv) sale of electricity. These various activities can be integrated and conducted by a single undertaking. For that purpose, the holder of Public Interest Electricity Business License (Izin Usaha Penyedian Tenaga Listrik Untuk Kepentingan Umum) must apply for the allocation of an Operations Area, particularly for the distribution and sale of electricity. The Regulation further stipulates that MEMR must consider the following aspects in determining the allocation of Operations Areas:
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The existing holder of an Operations Area is no longer capable of supplying electricity;
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The existing holder of Operations Area is no longer capable of maintaining the quality and reliability of its electricity supply;
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The existing holder of an Operations Area surrenders a part or all of its Operations Area to MEMR;
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The Operations Area applied for is a remote area that has not been assigned to another Operations Area holder; and/or
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The Operations Area applied for is a designated area for the development of integrated energy sources in accordance with its power needs.
While in practice we expect that PT PLN (Persero), the state power company and largest player in the Indonesian power sector, will continue to dominate the development of new or existing Operations Areas, the considerations listed above could still open opportunities for private investors to proactively seek out prospective Operations Areas for development.
The Regulation also establishes the following licensing and reporting requirements for own-interest power producers (i.e., operators of captive power plants):
> 500 kW – requires an Own-Interest Electricity Business License (Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik untuk Kepentingan Sendiri) from MEMR or relevant provincial governor, plus a certificate of operational worthiness.
< 500kW - must submit a prior written report to the Minister or relevant governor and satisfy technical specifications, as evidenced by a certificate of operational worthiness and other technical documents to be registered with MEMR.
It interesting to note that the Regulation also imposes various new obligations on electricity consumers, Including obligations to ensure the security of their electricity installations, to use electricity in accordance with its purposes, to pay their electricity bills and to comply with technical requirements in the power sector. A consumer may be sued for any losses suffered by the holder of a Public Interest Electricity Business License if they fail to perform their obligations. This provision may also be regarded as setting out the minimum provisions that should be incorporated in an electricity purchase agreement between a power provider and its customers, including industrial customers.
As regards the electricity support services sector (“Support Services”), a foreign investor that wishes to carry on business in this field has the option of establishing a representative office / Kantor Perwakilan Asing (“KPA”). The Support Services that can be performed by a KPA are restricted to a list of clearly defined activities, including consultation on electricity installations, construction and installation of electricity infrastructure, and the maintenance of power installations. The projects developed by a KPA must also come within the “high cost” category, with a minimum contract value of Rp 100 billion for construction and installation activities.
It should be noted in this regard that the Regulation is somewhat unclear. While it goes into noticeable detail on the rules governing KPA, it is silent as to the role to be played by foreign invested companies (PT PMA) in the electricity support services sector.
As mandated by the Omnibus Law, the Regulation further provides for the joint utilization of power transmission networks by telecommunication, multimedia and IT companies. Such joint utilization must be based on the permission of the network owner, which may only be given if the joint utilization does not have the potential to disrupt electricity supplies. The network owner must submit a report to MEMR on its consent to joint utilization, enclosing certain supporting documents, including the joint utilization agreement and details of the telecommunications equipment to be installed in the power transmission network.
ABNR Commentary
Despite the lack of clarity and question marks regarding some provisions, as mentioned above, the Regulation fills in some obvious gaps in the Omnibus Law relating to the mineral, coal and power sectors. However, there remain a number of outstanding issues that require attention. In this regard, the Regulation incorporates an enabling provision that allows MEMR to take whatever action is required to resolve any issues that are not, or are inadequately, addressed in the Regulation. This is a new type of catch-all “fix-it-up” provision in Indonesian law that is also used in a number of other sectoral regulations issued under the Omnibus Law. It will be interesting to see the extent to which the MEMR, as well as other ministries, avail of this power to make legislative and regulatory changes going ahead.
By partner Mr. Freddy Karyadi and senior associate Mr. Mahatma Hadhi
Source: ABNR
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Sunday, 10 September 23
CHINA AUGUST COAL IMPORTS OF 44.3 MLN T HIT RECORD - REUTERS
China, the world’s top coal consumer, imported 44.3 million metric tons of the fuel last month, customs data showed, the highest amount in an ...
Tuesday, 22 August 23
CHINA'S COAL PRODUCTION LOGS STEADY GROWTH IN JANUARY-JULY: XINHUA
China’s output of raw coal went up 3.6 percent year on year in the first seven months of this year, official data showed.
The ...
Sunday, 13 August 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: LNG SUPPLY RISKS LINGER - ING
Energy – OPEC sees deficit over remainder of 2023
Oil prices came under some pressure yesterday with ICE Brent settling a litt ...
Wednesday, 09 August 23
COAL TRADE TO RETURN TO 2019 LEVELS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The International Energy Agency’s mid-year Coal Market Update for 2023 brings both positive and concerning news for the global coal industry. ...
Sunday, 23 July 23
ANALYSIS-INDIA'S COAL MINING BET STUMBLES AS WARY BANKS WEIGH RISING RISKS - REUTERS
India’s drive to ramp up coal output to meet growing energy demand is faltering due to banks’ reluctance to finance newly auctioned min ...
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
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