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Thursday, 25 March 21
'OMNIBUS LAW' REGULATION ON INDONESIA’S ENERGY AND MINING SECTORS TO BOOST COAL PROCESSING BUT ALSO RAISES QUESTIONS - ABNR
 February 2021 saw the issuance of a raft of new government regulations to give effect to the reformist Job Creation Law (colloquially known as the Omnibus Law), which entered into force on 2 November 2020. In this ABNR legal update, we discuss Government Regulation No. 25 of 2021 on the Energy and Mineral Sectors.
The government has issued a new regulation to give effect to the provisions of the Omnibus Law[1] relating to the mineral, coal, geothermal and power sectors. While the regulation makes some important changes, the overall purpose appears to be primarily to codify existing secondary legislation governing the relevant sectors.
The new instrument, Government Regulation No. 25 of 2021 on the Energy and Mineral Sectors (the “Regulation”),[2] was issued on 2 February 2021.
Due to the wide-ranging scope of the Regulation, we confine our analysis to its key provisions in this ABNR Legal Update.
A. Mining sector
Under the Omnibus Law, the holder of a Production-Operations Mining Business License (“IUP”) or Special Production-Operations Mining Business License (“IUPK”) for coal may be entitled to a complete exemption from the payment of royalties if it processes its coal production domestically, compared to an obligation to pay royalties of 3% to 7% (depending of calorific value and mining method) if it does not process its production domestically. This incentive should help boost investment in the coal processing industry (e.g., coal slurry, coal gasification and coal liquefaction), which is currently less developed than the mineral processing and refining industry.
The Regulation provides that the financial incentive will be given after approval by the Minister of Finance. Although not expressly stated, we believe the Minister of Finance will require a recommendation from the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (“MEMR”) before giving such approval as the Regulation stipulates the former should take into account considerations relating to energy sustainability and the fulfillment of industrial needs for raw materials, both of which come within the purview of the MEMR.
The financial incentives are not available for all coal that is produced by a mining license holder but only for certain types of coal that are processed domestically.
B. Geothermal Sector
The Regulation makes provision for the imposition of administrative sanctions and penalties on geothermal businesses that: (i) indirectly use geothermal energy without the required license or in a way that contravenes their license; (ii) fail to commence activities in their allocated work area within the stipulated timeframe; or (iii) fail to comply with the obligations set out in their license or the laws and regulations in general. By contrast, the Geothermal Law only imposes criminal sanctions for non-compliance with licenses.
It is prohibited for a holder of a geothermal license to assign it to a third party. Any violation of this prohibition is subject to administrative sanctions. Further, it is prohibited, once again subject to sanctions, for the holder of a geothermal license to sell its shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (“IDX”) without MEMR approval prior to the exploration stage.
While the text of the Regulation in this regard appears to only apply to a geothermal company that is itself listed on the IDX, and not to the holding company of a geothermal company listed on the IDX, it is as yet unclear whether this particular provision will be construed narrowly so as to exclude a holding company or widely so as to include it. The Regulation also fails to explain how the prohibition will be implemented and, more specifically, whether the IDX will be required to monitor transfers of shares of IPB holders so as to ensure that the prohibition is not violated.
C. Power Sector
The Omnibus Law has relaxed the rules in a number of key areas of the power sector, including the rules on operations areas, electricity-sector support services and joint utilization of electricity networks. However, it also imposes new obligations on electricity consumers. These changes have now been further fleshed out in the Regulation.
Under the Regulation, the term “public interest electricity business” covers (i) electricity generation; (ii) electricity transmission; (iii) electricity distribution; and (iv) sale of electricity. These various activities can be integrated and conducted by a single undertaking. For that purpose, the holder of Public Interest Electricity Business License (Izin Usaha Penyedian Tenaga Listrik Untuk Kepentingan Umum) must apply for the allocation of an Operations Area, particularly for the distribution and sale of electricity. The Regulation further stipulates that MEMR must consider the following aspects in determining the allocation of Operations Areas:
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The existing holder of an Operations Area is no longer capable of supplying electricity;
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The existing holder of Operations Area is no longer capable of maintaining the quality and reliability of its electricity supply;
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The existing holder of an Operations Area surrenders a part or all of its Operations Area to MEMR;
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The Operations Area applied for is a remote area that has not been assigned to another Operations Area holder; and/or
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The Operations Area applied for is a designated area for the development of integrated energy sources in accordance with its power needs.
While in practice we expect that PT PLN (Persero), the state power company and largest player in the Indonesian power sector, will continue to dominate the development of new or existing Operations Areas, the considerations listed above could still open opportunities for private investors to proactively seek out prospective Operations Areas for development.
The Regulation also establishes the following licensing and reporting requirements for own-interest power producers (i.e., operators of captive power plants):
> 500 kW – requires an Own-Interest Electricity Business License (Izin Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik untuk Kepentingan Sendiri) from MEMR or relevant provincial governor, plus a certificate of operational worthiness.
< 500kW - must submit a prior written report to the Minister or relevant governor and satisfy technical specifications, as evidenced by a certificate of operational worthiness and other technical documents to be registered with MEMR.
It interesting to note that the Regulation also imposes various new obligations on electricity consumers, Including obligations to ensure the security of their electricity installations, to use electricity in accordance with its purposes, to pay their electricity bills and to comply with technical requirements in the power sector. A consumer may be sued for any losses suffered by the holder of a Public Interest Electricity Business License if they fail to perform their obligations. This provision may also be regarded as setting out the minimum provisions that should be incorporated in an electricity purchase agreement between a power provider and its customers, including industrial customers.
As regards the electricity support services sector (“Support Services”), a foreign investor that wishes to carry on business in this field has the option of establishing a representative office / Kantor Perwakilan Asing (“KPA”). The Support Services that can be performed by a KPA are restricted to a list of clearly defined activities, including consultation on electricity installations, construction and installation of electricity infrastructure, and the maintenance of power installations. The projects developed by a KPA must also come within the “high cost” category, with a minimum contract value of Rp 100 billion for construction and installation activities.
It should be noted in this regard that the Regulation is somewhat unclear. While it goes into noticeable detail on the rules governing KPA, it is silent as to the role to be played by foreign invested companies (PT PMA) in the electricity support services sector.
As mandated by the Omnibus Law, the Regulation further provides for the joint utilization of power transmission networks by telecommunication, multimedia and IT companies. Such joint utilization must be based on the permission of the network owner, which may only be given if the joint utilization does not have the potential to disrupt electricity supplies. The network owner must submit a report to MEMR on its consent to joint utilization, enclosing certain supporting documents, including the joint utilization agreement and details of the telecommunications equipment to be installed in the power transmission network.
ABNR Commentary
Despite the lack of clarity and question marks regarding some provisions, as mentioned above, the Regulation fills in some obvious gaps in the Omnibus Law relating to the mineral, coal and power sectors. However, there remain a number of outstanding issues that require attention. In this regard, the Regulation incorporates an enabling provision that allows MEMR to take whatever action is required to resolve any issues that are not, or are inadequately, addressed in the Regulation. This is a new type of catch-all “fix-it-up” provision in Indonesian law that is also used in a number of other sectoral regulations issued under the Omnibus Law. It will be interesting to see the extent to which the MEMR, as well as other ministries, avail of this power to make legislative and regulatory changes going ahead.
By partner Mr. Freddy Karyadi and senior associate Mr. Mahatma Hadhi
Source: ABNR
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Wednesday, 31 January 24
CHINA'S INNER MONGOLIA COAL OUTPUT HIT 1.21B TONS IN 2023 - XINHUA
North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region churned out 1.21 billion tons of coal in 2023 as it strives to guarantee the country’s e ...
Wednesday, 31 January 24
GAS EXPORTS COST U.S. CONSUMERS MORE THAN $100 BILLION OVER 16-MONTH PERIOD - IEEFA
Limited Demand Growth Could Dampen the Dry Bulk Market in the Coming Months BIMCOStarting in late 2021—before its invasion of Ukraine—R ...
Tuesday, 30 January 24
LIMITED DEMAND GROWTH COULD DAMPEN THE DRY BULK MARKET IN THE COMING MONTHS - BIMCO
Demand
In our base scenario, we expect cargo demand to grow by 0-1% in 2024 and 0.5-1.5% in 2025. This is a 0.5 percentage point reduction for ...
Friday, 26 January 24
RED SEA DIVERSIONS ADD NEARLY A MILLION DOLLARS PER VOYAGE TO SHIPPING COSTS WHILE DOUBLING TRANSIT TIME - LSEG
The incremental costs of diverting a tanker from Asia to NW Europe via the Cape of Good Hope is accounting for an extra $932,905 USD per voyage whi ...
Friday, 26 January 24
HARD COAL GUARDIAN ANGEL OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY - GERMANY COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION
- No security of supply without hard coal
- The Substitute Power Plant Provision Act (EKBG) must be extended
- Higher grid fees due to the ...
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- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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