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Tuesday, 29 December 20
CORROSION-RESISTANT STEELS FOR CARGO OIL TANKS - DNV GL
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Crude oil is a complex mixture of substances at varying ratios and in most cases contains at least some salt water. Even after desalination some of this brine remains dissolved in the crude and gradually sinks to the bottom of the cargo oil tank during transport. The corrosive nature of salt, along with microorganisms and other aggressive substances contained in the cargo oil, causes rust, most notably in the form of pitting, which are cavities in the steel that deepen over time.
Double-hull tankers are more prone to pitting
“Pitting corrosion is typically found in the bottom area of cargo oil tanks,” explains Dr Eva Junghans, Senior Principal Engineer and Lead of Practice Materials & Welding and Additive Manufacturing at DNV GL. “Above the cargo surface, especially on the underside of the upper deck, corrosion tends to be more evenly spread,” the expert continues. “It is primarily caused by aggressive chemicals contained in the inert gas, which is flue gas from auxiliary engines pumped into the cargo tanks to prevent an explosion of fumes rising up from the cargo.”
While in the single-hull tankers of the past the cooling effect of the seawater slowed down bacterial growth by keeping the cargo relatively cool, the double hull of compliant modern tankers insulates the cargo from the low temperature of the seawater. As a result, the cargo stays relatively warm, providing ideal conditions for corrosion-causing microorganisms to thrive. Pitting therefore progresses rapidly on an unprotected tank bottom, weakening the metal and risking cargo loss, structural damage and environmental pollution.
“The traditional way to prevent pitting and general corrosion has been to apply specially formulated coatings to the affected surfaces,” says Dr Junghans. “This is an expensive, time-consuming process that needs to be supervised to ensure proper execution. What is more, protective coatings typically have to be renewed from time to time.”
Corrosion-resistant steel – a proven alternative approach
These well-known facts prompted three Japanese steel manufacturers – JFE Steel Corporation, Nippon Steel Corporation and Kobe Steel, Ltd. – to submit a proposal to IMO to accept the use of corrosion-resistant steels as an alternative method of preventing corrosion in crude oil tanks. Following thorough discussion, IMO issued its new ‘Performance Standard for Alternative Means of Corrosion Protection for Cargo Oil Tanks of Crude Oil Tankers’ as an extension of the Performance Standards for Protective Coatings (PSPC) in 2010.
Research performed over a ten-year period by JFE Steel Corporation in a crude oil tanker delivered in 2008 confirmed that the corrosion-resistant steel dramatically reduced both pitting corrosion and general surface corrosion compared to uncoated conventional steel. Various other vessels featuring cargo tanks fitted with these advanced steels have been in operation since the new IMO PSPC standard came into effect and have demonstrated vastly improved corrosion resistance. The technology can thus be considered as validated.
New notation COAT-PSPC(CA) confirms compliance
DNV GL has since revised its relevant ship construction rules to incorporate corrosion-resistant steels for cargo tanks, and recently added the new classifier “CA” (for “corrosion protection by alternate means”) to its existing corrosion protection class notation. Announced in July 2020, the new notation COAT-PSPC(CA) confirms a ship’s compliance with the corrosion protection requirements for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers, by application of approved corrosion-resistant steel grades in one of the following areas of a cargo tank:
a) Lower surface of the strength deck and surrounding structures (RCU)
b) Upper surface of the inner bottom plating and surrounding structures (RCB)
c) Both the strength deck and the inner bottom plating (RCW)
Besides using the approved steel grades, the notation also implies the use of appropriate, approved welding consumables to join the plates. Compliance with both requirements must be substantiated by submitting specific documentation. The class notation will enter into force six months after publication of the rules, i.e. in January 2021.
Eliminating the cost of coating
Opting for corrosion-resistant steels in the corrosion-prone areas of crude oil tanks offers various benefits to owners and charterers as well as shipyards. One example is to eliminate the cost of coating and shortening the time it takes to complete a newbuild in the yard. Furthermore, no coatings need to be reapplied to the relevant tank wall areas over the lifetime of the vessel since the IMO performance standard assumes a useful life of 25 years of the cargo oil tank (COT) steel until its thickness is reduced beyond acceptable levels. Owners who choose this class notation can demonstrate to cargo owners that their crude oil tankers have a lower risk of tank bottom or wall failure, cargo loss and environmental pollution, thereby enhancing confidence in their ships.
Approved steel grades enhance customer confidence
DNV GL has approved all corrosion-resistant steel grades developed by the three Japanese steelmakers according to the IMO standard and the corresponding DNV GL standard, DNVGL-CP-0429. The Tokyo head office of JFE Steel Corporation commented: “Receiving approval from DNV GL, a world-leading classification society, for our corrosion-resistant steels is a milestone for us. Corrosion-resistant steels have not been so popular among oil majors and Euro-American operators of crude oil tankers, although these steels have already been well adopted for use in cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers operated by Japanese operators for Japanese oil companies. However, DNV GL’s approval for our corrosion-resistant steels raises awareness among oil majors and Euro-American operators as an alternative means to meet the IMO standard.” Several Chinese steelmakers have since requested approval from DNV GL for their COT steels.
Source: DNV GL
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Wednesday, 07 April 21
KOMIPO ISSUED A TENDER FOR TOTAL 1,560,000 METRIC TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a tender for total 1,560,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous coal for i ...
Wednesday, 07 April 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following the end of the catholic easter, during which the majority of shipping market participants were on holidays, it is interesting to note a f ...
Wednesday, 07 April 21
COAL USED TO GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER IN U.S. WILL INCREASE BY 13 PERCENT TO 495 MMST IN 2021 - EIA
EIA expects U.S. coal production to total 585 MMst in 2021, 46 MMst (9%) more than in 2020. In 2022, EIA expects coal production to grow by an addi ...
Wednesday, 31 March 21
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.12 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 139.03 points Monday, up 0.12 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Wednesday, 31 March 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Over the past week, the biggest story has been the blockage of the Suez Canal, as a result of the grounding of the container ship Ever Given. At th ...
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- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
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- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
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- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
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- CNBM International Corporation - China
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The University of Queensland
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- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
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- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
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- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
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- MS Steel International - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
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- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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- Planning Commission, India
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- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
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- GMR Energy Limited - India
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- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
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- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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