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Thursday, 02 January 20
SULPHUR 2020 COMPENDIUM - HOW ARE INDIVIDUAL PORT STATES EXPECTED TO REACT? - STANDARD CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
With the new sulphur limits soon to be in force, Standard Club has been investigating the ways in which certain jurisdictions are expected to react to violations.
We contacted our local correspondents from a variety of different ports, including Brazil, China, Denmark, Norway, Panama, Spain and Sweden, to build a compilation of what we believe is useful and practical knowledge for dealing with future sulphur claims.
We asked our correspondents the following series of questions:
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Will compliant bunkers be available in your jurisdiction?
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Which government body or organisation issues fines for sulphur violations?
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What is the estimated potential value of fines?
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Is there a possibility of criminal action for sulphur violations?
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Can a ship be detained for violations? If so, will a club LOU be accepted to secure its release?
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Is it possible to appeal fines?
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What contingency measures are available for ships carrying non-compliant fuel?
The answers to these questions are as follows. If you have questions about any of these jurisdictions, or any jurisdictions which are not listed below, please contact your usual claims handler at the club for further assistance.
Brazil
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Salvador, Sao Luis, Belem and Macapa.
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Fines may be issued by the ANP, IBAMA (the Environmental Authority) or the Harbour Master´s Office at each port.
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The estimated potential fines range from BRL 5,000 to BRL 2,000,000.
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There is a possibility of criminal action for sulphur violations in Brazil.
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A ship may be detained for sulphur violations until it is proved that there are bunkers within specification on board. Acceptance of a club LOU will depend on each individual case.
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It is possible to appeal fines.
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In the event of non-compliance, the Authorities will need to verify that the off-spec bunkers have been segregated on board.
China
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Compliant bunkers should be available in China. However, members should check with local agents and the port authority before calling to confirm availability.
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The local marine authority (the MSA) issues fines for sulphur violations.
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According to the PRC Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, shipowners may face administrative penalties ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB100,000.
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While this is unlikely, there is a possibility for criminal action in the event of serious violations.
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Ships can be detained, depending on the seriousness of the violation. It is not known whether a club LOU would be accepted.
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Appeals of fines are unlikely to be successful if a violation has in fact occurred. However, owners may apply for a review of the fine if they suspect that the administrative procedures have been incorrectly applied (i.e. there has been no violation).
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From 1 January 2020 if a ship is unable to obtain compliant bunkers she should submit a FONAR to the MSA before entering Chinese waters. From 1 March 2020 if a ship is carrying non-compliant bunkers in Chinese waters they can discharge the non-compliant bunkers, or (subject to MSA approval) retain the non-compliant bunkers on board after providing a letter of commitment not to use these bunkers in Chinese waters.
Denmark
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Denmark.
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The Port State Control and the police both administer fines for sulphur violations.
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Fines for non-compliance can range from DKK 30,000 to DKK 300,000.
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Criminal action may in some cases be brought for non-compliance. Fines are imposed by the police, following penalty proceedings and public court hearings. In cases of gross negligence, or of continuous violation of the sulphur cap, there is the possibility of imprisonment for up to two years.
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A ship can be detained until it has taken the necessary steps to ensure compliance with the sulphur content regulations. Club LOUs will not be accepted to secure release of the ship.
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Fines can be appealed through the usual judicial channels (at the Court of Appeal and potentially at the Supreme Court).
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If the ship is not compliant with the sulphur regulations, it will be asked by officials to demonstrate that it has taken adequate steps to be compliant. The owner will have to demonstrate that they have established procedures on board the ship to ensure compliance. The owner will also have to provide documentation showing their attempts to obtain compliant bunkers.
Norway
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Norway.
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The Norwegian Maritime Authority (Sjøfartsdirektoratet) issues fines for violations.
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The lowest possible fine is around NOK 79,886. Fines are typically around NOK 250,000, although this figure may be higher depending on the degree of negligence and/or guilt.
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Criminal action may be brought for violations.
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Arrest of the ship for violation of the sulphur limits is possible.
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It is possible to appeal fines to the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment.
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In the event of non-compliance, compliant bunkers are available so that the non-compliant bunkers can be replaced.
Panama
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Panama.
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Fines will be administered by the Panama Maritime Authority (PMA) and the Panama Canal Authority (PCA).
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The PMA and PCA will calculate fines based on the perceived seriousness of the violation. To date, there have been no known fines by the PMA or PCA, so it is difficult to say how they will deal with these incidents.
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Currently there have not been any known criminal proceedings relating to sulphur violations.
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A ship can be detained by both the PMA and PCA for violations, although this is seen to be unlikely. The PMA has in the past been vague regarding club LOU’s but the PCA regularly accepts them for other issues.
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Administrative fines are generally unappealable.
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There are limited options for ships to debunker non-compliant fuel at Panama.
Spain
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Spain.
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The Spanish Central Government Authority issues fines for sulphur violations. The Harbour Master’s office belongs to Merchant Marine General Management, which itself belongs to the Government Ministry in charge of public work.
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There is no set figure for fines. Fines are usually around EUR 22,000 although they could be as high as EUR 180,000. In case of wilful actions, the fine could be as high as EUR 600,000. The Harbour Master will ask for a guarantee to permit the ship to sail (club LOUs are not accepted).
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In theory there is a possibility of criminal action, but only if the use of off-spec bunkers was deliberate.
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A ship can be detained for sulphur violations. In such a case, a club LOU will not be accepted. Authorities will only accept a cash deposit, a bond or a bank security issued by a Spanish Insurer or Bank.
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It is possible to appeal fines, but success is unlikely.
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Any non-compliant bunkers on board will be banned, even if not in use, and similar sanctions will be imposed unless the ship has a scrubber in good operational condition. In addition to the sampling of storage tanks, evidence of tank cleaning and a bunker delivery note will also be required on board.
Sweden
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Compliant bunkers will be available in Sweden.
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The Coast Guard will issue fines for sulphur violations.
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The estimated value of fines is still under discussion. However, there is a risk that fines may be high value to deter non-compliance with the sulphur limits.
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There are not expected to be any criminal repercussions for non-compliance, only fines.
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In very extreme cases, ships can be detained for sulphur violations. It is difficult to predict whether the authorities will accept a club LOU in this situation.
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It is possible to appeal fines.
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In the event of non-compliance, there are many well established bunker operators in the region who can handle non-compliant bunkers.
Source: Standard Club
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Saturday, 01 August 20
SHIP SHAPE - OUCH: FIS
Thursday afternoon saw a report that US GDP in Q2 shrank by 32.9%. Now this may have beaten expectations, but it’s a bit like saying that you ...
Saturday, 01 August 20
ASIA HOPE FOR LONG-TERM OIL DEMAND - BALTIC BRIEFING
Oil demand in Asia Pacific might be expected to plunge 1.8m barrels per day (bpd) this year, but there are still strong prospects for growth over t ...
Friday, 31 July 20
SHORT-TERM IMPACT ON THE CHEMICAL SHIPPING MARKET IF THE INDIA-CHINA DISPUTE ESCALATES - DREWRY
Due to the India-China dispute, the threat of deteriorating trade relations between the two countries has become real. Meanwhile, we expect freight ...
Friday, 31 July 20
PANAMAX: THE PERIOD MARKET REMAINS QUIET WITH FEW FIXTURES REPORTED - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
After weeks of dropping rates, there are finally some resistance for the Capes. Pacific rounds improving to upper15,000s by the middle ...
Friday, 31 July 20
PANDEMIC SENDING SOUTH AFRICAN COAL INDUSTRY TO EARLIER GRAVE - IEEFA
Could South Africa’s coal export industry, one of the largest in the world, be about to take a severe hit from the coronavirus?
...
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- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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