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Monday, 06 October 14
' COAL-BY-WIRE' FROM SUMATRA TO JAVA - THE JAKARTA POST
 Coal from the island of Sumatra accounts for most of Indonesia’s low-grade lignite, a low-quality coal that receives a poor price in international markets.
Given this low pricing combined with high transportation costs and the fact that most reserves are located in landlocked areas, it is not feasible to export Sumatra’s coal out of the island.
It is more efficient to use Sumatra’s coal for a mine-mouth power plant, an approach in which we develop a power plant very close to where mines are located, use the low-calorie coal from the mines to feed the plant, and transmit the electricity, rather than transporting a low-value commodity, out of the mines.
With mine-mouth, we no longer require either barges or expensive railway-heavy infrastructure to transport coal; rather we need to have long-distance high-voltage transmission lines to bring “coal-by-wire” from mines to consumer centers, either regions in Sumatra and/or Java-Bali.
Essentially, with “coal-by-wire” we are transporting a higher-value commodity by wire from mines to customers. Coal stays in the landlocked areas and feeds mine-mouth, coal-fired power plants.
“Coal-by-wire” would definitely boost the development of a domestic market for low-grade coal. Today, our market for coal is very thin as we are one of the world’s leading exporters of thermal coal of a high quality in the international market.
Our exports have increased very significantly within the past decade on account of demand from fast-growing Asian economies. More than 80 percent of our coal currently produced is exported.
Indeed, coal is currently the most important source of energy for our economy. For decades coal has accounted for more than half of our power-generation capacity. And this will continue for a half century to come before alternative and cleaner energy sources other than coal become affordably available.
Our economy is also growing, and of course will require more electricity power and therefore coal – challenges that have to be met. Electricity generation now consumes close to 75 million tons per year, and will almost triple in the next 10 to 15 years.
However, domestic use of coal today notoriously suffers from infrastructure bottlenecks. Congested barges and ports, as well as a shortage of railways limit the transportation of coal from coalmines in two coal-producing regions, Kalimantan and Sumatra, to demand centers in Java-Bali, where most of our power plants are located.
The majority of our coal reserves in the two regions are located in landlocked areas that require rail transportation infrastructure to reach ports for export.
Either truck haul or rail is needed to transport the coal to barge ports and terminals.
Truck operating costs are about twice that of rail, but existing rail transportation infrastructure is severely insufficient.
Indonesia’s attempts to improve coal-transport infrastructure for the domestic market have not been very successful. Dedicated coal ports in Kalimantan have been planned for many years, but implementation has again faced bottleneck issues.
Specialized railways for coal in Sumatra have also been initiated, but this concept is still under development and has not yet received a higher-level mandate or legal authorization.
Delays in expanding the capacity of barge and transportation infrastructure cause inefficiencies and high transportation costs in domestic coal utilization. These high costs and infrastructure bottlenecks have held back the development of the domestic market for coal.
Our high-voltage transmission lines are also astonishingly limited. The state-owned electricity company (PLN) operates approximately 40,000 kilometers of transmission lines, with less than 15 percent of this total serving the island of Sumatra.
If we can build more mine-mouth, coal-fired power generation plants we will need to expand our transmission network across the island, interconnected to other transmission systems in Java-Bali.
A new set of lines of a high-voltage of 500 kilovolts and medium-voltage of 275 kV needs to be developed as a backbone network across the island, i.e. providing long-distance, reliable and stable transmission.
The distribution system and transformer capacity also need to be expanded to service a larger coverage of costumers and demand centers.
We are required also to develop an interconnected transmission system, as existing electricity transmission is not compatible across regions due to different systems and manufacturer standards adopted in the past.
The current initiative of developing inter-island interconnection lines between Java and Sumatra with 500kV High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines needs to be completed in harmony with the mine-mouth development.
These long-distance transmission and distribution lines, as well as interconnected systems are required to exist before a system of mine-mouth power plants is commissioned to ensure that electricity produced can be transmitted in a timely manner and with minimum cost.
Both the central and local governments must work hand-in-hand to endorse incentives to encourage the private sector — independent power producers (IPPs) — to develop mine-mouth power plants.
Incentives need to be designed to enhance the financial viability of IPPs’ mine-mouth power plant projects.
PLN as an off-taker of IPP plays a fundamental role as the “coal-by-wire” agent, and has to be ready to absorb all of the risks associated with the development and operation of the system, including the difficulties in land acquisition and intra-regional compatibility of transmission systems.
Sumatra with its huge resources of low-grade coal can secure its own electricity supply and, eventually, can be the source of low-cost electricity with its energy radiating not only to Java, but also to every corner of the country.
Source: The Jakarta Post
The writer is deputy for energy and mineral resources at the office of Coordinating Economic Minister.
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Monday, 22 September 14
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS LOST ON DAY, WEEK AND MONTH
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for delivery in October 2014 decreased US$ 3.10 (-4.50%) month over month and $ 0.95 PT MT week over ...
Monday, 22 September 14
INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS LOST WEEK ON WEEK AND MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average October 2014 increased US$ 0.35 (+0.69%) day on day and lost US$ 0.30 (-0.58%) per mt week on week. ...
Sunday, 21 September 14
CAPE INDEX LOST 17% W-O-W ; BALTIC DRY PLUNGES 106 POINTS
COALspot.com: This week the freight market softened a bit compared to last week.
BDI fell 8.97% week on week and closed BDI at 1075 points on ...
Friday, 19 September 14
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION RELATIVELY FLAT AT +0.1% - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.20 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Friday, 19 September 14
PRICES FOR DRY BULK CARRIERS HAVEN'T CORRECTED ENOUGH, DESPITE LOWER THAN EXPECTED FREIGHT RATES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
A lot has been said and written about the looming dry bulk market recovery over the past few months. However, even if this hasn’t been materi ...
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
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