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Monday, 06 October 14
' COAL-BY-WIRE' FROM SUMATRA TO JAVA - THE JAKARTA POST
 Coal from the island of Sumatra accounts for most of Indonesia’s low-grade lignite, a low-quality coal that receives a poor price in international markets.
Given this low pricing combined with high transportation costs and the fact that most reserves are located in landlocked areas, it is not feasible to export Sumatra’s coal out of the island.
It is more efficient to use Sumatra’s coal for a mine-mouth power plant, an approach in which we develop a power plant very close to where mines are located, use the low-calorie coal from the mines to feed the plant, and transmit the electricity, rather than transporting a low-value commodity, out of the mines.
With mine-mouth, we no longer require either barges or expensive railway-heavy infrastructure to transport coal; rather we need to have long-distance high-voltage transmission lines to bring “coal-by-wire” from mines to consumer centers, either regions in Sumatra and/or Java-Bali.
Essentially, with “coal-by-wire” we are transporting a higher-value commodity by wire from mines to customers. Coal stays in the landlocked areas and feeds mine-mouth, coal-fired power plants.
“Coal-by-wire” would definitely boost the development of a domestic market for low-grade coal. Today, our market for coal is very thin as we are one of the world’s leading exporters of thermal coal of a high quality in the international market.
Our exports have increased very significantly within the past decade on account of demand from fast-growing Asian economies. More than 80 percent of our coal currently produced is exported.
Indeed, coal is currently the most important source of energy for our economy. For decades coal has accounted for more than half of our power-generation capacity. And this will continue for a half century to come before alternative and cleaner energy sources other than coal become affordably available.
Our economy is also growing, and of course will require more electricity power and therefore coal – challenges that have to be met. Electricity generation now consumes close to 75 million tons per year, and will almost triple in the next 10 to 15 years.
However, domestic use of coal today notoriously suffers from infrastructure bottlenecks. Congested barges and ports, as well as a shortage of railways limit the transportation of coal from coalmines in two coal-producing regions, Kalimantan and Sumatra, to demand centers in Java-Bali, where most of our power plants are located.
The majority of our coal reserves in the two regions are located in landlocked areas that require rail transportation infrastructure to reach ports for export.
Either truck haul or rail is needed to transport the coal to barge ports and terminals.
Truck operating costs are about twice that of rail, but existing rail transportation infrastructure is severely insufficient.
Indonesia’s attempts to improve coal-transport infrastructure for the domestic market have not been very successful. Dedicated coal ports in Kalimantan have been planned for many years, but implementation has again faced bottleneck issues.
Specialized railways for coal in Sumatra have also been initiated, but this concept is still under development and has not yet received a higher-level mandate or legal authorization.
Delays in expanding the capacity of barge and transportation infrastructure cause inefficiencies and high transportation costs in domestic coal utilization. These high costs and infrastructure bottlenecks have held back the development of the domestic market for coal.
Our high-voltage transmission lines are also astonishingly limited. The state-owned electricity company (PLN) operates approximately 40,000 kilometers of transmission lines, with less than 15 percent of this total serving the island of Sumatra.
If we can build more mine-mouth, coal-fired power generation plants we will need to expand our transmission network across the island, interconnected to other transmission systems in Java-Bali.
A new set of lines of a high-voltage of 500 kilovolts and medium-voltage of 275 kV needs to be developed as a backbone network across the island, i.e. providing long-distance, reliable and stable transmission.
The distribution system and transformer capacity also need to be expanded to service a larger coverage of costumers and demand centers.
We are required also to develop an interconnected transmission system, as existing electricity transmission is not compatible across regions due to different systems and manufacturer standards adopted in the past.
The current initiative of developing inter-island interconnection lines between Java and Sumatra with 500kV High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) lines needs to be completed in harmony with the mine-mouth development.
These long-distance transmission and distribution lines, as well as interconnected systems are required to exist before a system of mine-mouth power plants is commissioned to ensure that electricity produced can be transmitted in a timely manner and with minimum cost.
Both the central and local governments must work hand-in-hand to endorse incentives to encourage the private sector — independent power producers (IPPs) — to develop mine-mouth power plants.
Incentives need to be designed to enhance the financial viability of IPPs’ mine-mouth power plant projects.
PLN as an off-taker of IPP plays a fundamental role as the “coal-by-wire” agent, and has to be ready to absorb all of the risks associated with the development and operation of the system, including the difficulties in land acquisition and intra-regional compatibility of transmission systems.
Sumatra with its huge resources of low-grade coal can secure its own electricity supply and, eventually, can be the source of low-cost electricity with its energy radiating not only to Java, but also to every corner of the country.
Source: The Jakarta Post
The writer is deputy for energy and mineral resources at the office of Coordinating Economic Minister.
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Tuesday, 04 November 14
INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS FOR 2015 DELIVERIES SHOW A WEAK TREND
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q4' 2014 lost month on month and gained day on day and week on week, the trend was same as las ...
Tuesday, 04 November 14
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAPS GAINED WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q4’ 2014 delivery decreased US$ 1.09 (-1.99%) month over month and increased US$ 0.31 (+0.58% ...
Monday, 03 November 14
ADARO PRODUCED 41.90MT OF COAL FOR FIRST 9 MONTHS OF 2014
COALspot.com: Adaro’s coal production in the third quarter reached 14.03 Mt, a 2% increase compared to the same period of last year. Accordin ...
Monday, 03 November 14
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR Q4' 2014 DELIVERY LOST 2.80% MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q4’ 2014 delivery has decreased US$ 1.86 (-2.80%) month over month and increased US$ 0.37 ( ...
Monday, 03 November 14
INDONESIAN'S COAL EXPORTS JUMP IN SEPTEMBER
COALspot.com: Indonesia, one of the world's largest coal producers and the global leading multi grade coal exporter shipped around $1.50 ...
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- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Coal Association
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
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