We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Monday, 14 July 14
THE END OF THE ERA OF HEAVY FUEL OIL IN MARITIME SHIPPING - ICCT
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Since the 1960s, heavy fuel oil (HFO) has been the king of marine fuels. Viscous, dirty, yet inexpensive and widely available, HFO propelled a long period of robust growth in international shipping, which carries over 90% of intercontinental trade by volume each year. For many, it is the lifeblood of the maritime shipping industry.
But HFO’s low price does not reflect its impacts on the environment and human health. The sulfur content of HFO can be up to 35,000 parts per million. It is the reason that maritime shipping accounts for 8% of global emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), making the industry an important source for acid rain as well as respiratory diseases. In some populous port cities, such as Hong Kong, shipping is the largest single source of SO2 emissions as well as emissions of particulate matter (PM), which are directly tied to the sulfur content of fuel. By one estimate, PM emissions from maritime shipping led to 87,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2012.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the governing body of international shipping, has made a decisive effort to diversify the industry away from HFO into cleaner fuels with less harmful effects on the environment and human health. Effective in 2015, ships operated within the Emission Control Areas (ECAs) covering the Economic Exclusive Zone of North America, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the English Channel will begin to use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) with allowable sulfur content up to 1,000 ppm. Starting from 2020, ships sailing outside ECAs will switch to Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) with permitted sulfur content up to 5,000 ppm.*
That tectonic shift also creates openings for a variety of new fuels. Liquefied nature gas (LNG), newly abundant and relatively affordable, is attracting the attention of many shipping companies. Although the lack of infrastructure and the uncertainty of future prices have slowed the “dash to gas,” many expect LNG to establish itself as one of major alternatives to HFO in the future. Lloyds Registry, a shipping classification society, expects LNG to take 11% of the market share in 2030.
Meanwhile, Stena Teknik, a Swedish company, is testing methanol, another natural gas product, but one that requires less storage space in a ship and is relatively easier to handle. While natural gas-based fuels may sometimes offer questionable climate benefits, due to methane leakage concerns, the IMO’s low-sulfur regulation may create needed openings for other zero-sulfur, low-carbon marine fuels. Tests using fuel cells on the Viking Lady, an offshore supply ship, demonstrated promising results.
Wind kites and solar panels have already been installed on numerous ships to supplement marine diesel engines. Even HFO will not completely disappear from the menu of marine fuels. Combined with scrubbers that capture more than 99% of the sulfur from the exhaust gas, HFO will continue to play an important role. Lloyds Registry reckons that HFO will represent about 40% of fuel use by 2030.
The shift to cleaner but pricier low-sulfur fuels is likely to heighten interest in the “fifth fuel”: energy efficiency. Historically, the maritime shipping industry, where energy often accounts for over half of operating costs, has responded to escalating fuel prices with innovative energy-saving strategies. To cite a recent example: in 2008, as fuel prices went through the roof, shipping lines cut their operating speeds by as much as 50%, helping many companies stay afloat amid one of the worst downturns in history. In an analysis of satellite data on ship operations, we’ve estimated that the industry can further slash 100 million ton of fuel use by 2030 through wider implementation of energy-saving measures that were adopted by industry leaders in 2011.
This is in addition to savings of 90 million tons of fuel because of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), a mandatory program that will require new ships to achieve certain efficiency targets beginning in 2015.
The continued diversification of marine fuels and improvements in energy efficiency have important implications. First and foremost, they may alleviate concerns about the availability of low-sulfur fuels. Figure 1 illustrates one possible scenario, using our forecast on future marine fuel consumption and energy efficiency improvements as well as Lloyds Registry’s estimate of market shares for HFO and LNG. The efficiency improvement of the legacy fleet is the greatest force driving down the need for low-sulfur fuels, equivalent to adding about 110 “negatons” of fuel, or almost 24% of projected demand. HFO combined with scrubbers, EEDI, and distillates (MGO plus MDO) are almost neck and neck, each representing about 20% of fuel use in the chart. LNG is coming of age, with its share doubling between 2020 and 2030. Other fuels, such as renewables, fuel cells, and biofuels, are expected to hold only small market shares in 2030.
Second, the new fuels are on a collision course with IMO safety regulations concerning flashpoint, the temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
The IMO currently requires marine fuels to have a minimum flashpoint of 60°C. But low-sulfur fuels have a lower flashpoint (50° to 55°C), meaning that they are “off-spec” and cannot be used under the IMO rule. The flashpoint requirement, which went into effect in 1976, was meant to provide a large margin of error to ensure the temperature of the engine room (normally below 45°C) does not exceed the flashpoint in any circumstance. But according to industry heavyweights such as Maersk and BIMCO, modern technologies such as advanced ventilation systems provide an adequate safety margin, and they argue that keeping the flashpoint requirement will cause the industry to miss the opportunity represented by the increased availability of low-sulfur, low-flashpoint fuels. Industry and member states such as the U.S. are urging the IMO to accelerate its consideration of an amendment to the flashpoint requirement.
By: Haifeng Wang / The International Council of Clean Transportation
*Implementation of the requirement is subject to a review of fuel availability to be completed by 2016.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Sunday, 18 May 14
FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FIRM NEXT WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market was steady with the BDI was closed slightly higher at 1027 points or up 3.00 pct week on week.
The Cape ...
Friday, 16 May 14
KOMIPO IS LOOKING FOR 60K MT OF LOW VOLATILE BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com : Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd. has invited bids through International open bidding for 60,000 Metric Tons (MT) of low volatile bitumi ...
Friday, 16 May 14
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED APPROXIMATELY 18.9 MMST
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 18.9 million short tons (mmst) of coal i ...
Thursday, 15 May 14
PANAMAX : SHORT PERIOD UP TO ONE YEAR REPORTED IN THE 12.000-12.500 RANGE - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The Supra and handy market seems to be affected by the recent holidays in Singapore which still relatively quiet. There are some Indo / ...
Thursday, 15 May 14
USA COAL CONFERENCE
Press Release: IHS Inc. (NYSE: IHS), the leading global source of information and analysis, will host the Coal USA Conference, June 18-20, 2014, ...
|
|
|
Showing 3701 to 3705 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
|
| |
| |
|
