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Thursday, 01 May 14
INDONESIA EXPORT BAN POINTS TO QUESTIONS OVER CHINA'S LONG-TERM BAUXITE SUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
 China’s Bauxite demand forecast to reach 240 million tonnes by 2030
In light of the Indonesian mineral ore ban that came into force on January 12th 2014, Wood Mackenzie says the aluminium industry - particularly in China - faces a challenge to address a growing shortage of the raw material bauxite, an aluminium ore. It poses a compelling question for China - the world’s largest aluminium producer and consumer – with it's alumina refinery production forecast to rise by almost 17 million tonnes (Mt) by 2018 and a further 40Mt by 2030. Wood Mackenzie estimates China will need access to an additional 130Mt of bauxite over 2013 levels and expects China to consume as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030.
Until now Indonesia was the main supplier of bauxite to China, accounting for around 65% of overall supply in 2013. However, the mineral ore export ban that came into force in January this year, created a significant supply gap for China to fill. Wood Mackenzie believes the ban could be transformative to the global bauxite market in the longer term, but in the short to medium term the impact will be less significant due to swollen stockpiles and source diversification. Julian Kettle, Head of Metals and Mining Research for Wood Mackenzie explains: "China is the main global player in the aluminium market representing between 40% of supply and 60% of demand. Our most recent forecasts indicate that global alumina refinery production will rise to almost 140Mt by 2018, which means we'll see bauxite demand rise by almost 80Mt to 350Mt. With China's alumina demand set to increase so sharply, there will be huge implications for bauxite demand. We estimate China will need access to as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030 and as it only produced 72Mt domestically in 2013, huge uncertainty remains over the import versus domestic supply mix."
So where will China now source its bauxite from? Undoubtedly if Indonesia sticks to the ban in the longer term, China will have to look to alternative import sources or develop new mines domestically. However Wood Mackenzie suggests that China has in fact been making moves to diversify supply for some time in preparation for the ban. Carl Firman, Aluminium Analyst for Wood Mackenzie says: "In recent years we've seen China sourcing additional quantities of bauxite from a variety of other countries, most notably Australia and India - and while the alternative sources are not supplying huge volumes to China currently, in time they could do."
Wood Mackenzie believes that China has been actively increasing imports of bauxite since the mineral ore ban was first mooted in 2009. "This is a strategic move by China to ensure it can firstly meet the direct needs of the coastal aluminium refineries it's built up over the years, but secondly in preparation for the ban coming into force. We estimate that China has accumulated more than a year’s worth of bauxite supply. This works out at about 40Mt, or four-fifths of the entire volume of bauxite exported by Indonesia in 2013," Mr Firman adds.
Mr Kettle asserts: "Ultimately China's vast bauxite stock piles mean that in the short-term at least, there won't be any immediate impact on metal production. This strategic effort on China's part has ensured the breathing space required to either develop new bauxite mines domestically, or establish new sources of supply through imports."
Wood Mackenzie suggests one viable option that China is exploring is the utilisation of coal fly ash. "By investing in the development of new technology to extract alumina from the by-product (which occurs when burning coal for power generation) China could significantly reduce its bauxite requirement, but then again if it doesn't produce enough, it will still have to explore other options," Mr Kettle adds.
There are plenty of opportunities to develop bauxite production domestically and elsewhere in the world, and Wood Mackenzie suggests that three major basins in Guinea, Australia and Vietnam could more than meet China’s needs, but there are significant challenges to be overcome. Mr Firman cautions: "Is China going to put all of its eggs in three baskets – its history of diversifying supply would suggest otherwise."
"China does have options, but they come at a price. Developing new bauxite sources in other parts of the world will require significant investment as host governments don't just want mines - they want added value in the form of refineries and smelters. There are also the high cost hurdles of resource nationalisation, surrounding politics and developing infrastructure that China will have to negotiate in order to establish new trade routes. The big question is, will China look to these alternative sources and significantly increase imports or will it develop its own domestic resources to meet its insatiable demand? One thing that is for sure is that there are lots of opportunities for host governments open for China's business." Mr Firman offers in closing.
Editor’s notes:
Wood Mackenzie is a global leader in commercial intelligence for the energy, metals and mining industries. We provide objective analysis and advice on assets, companies and markets, giving clients the insights they need to make better strategic decisions. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Friday, 28 June 24
INDIAN POWER STATIONS STOCKED WITH BUMPER COAL SUPPLY AS TRANSPORT WOES EASE - BUSINESS STANDARD
Even as power demand has touched a historic high of 250 gigawatts (Gw) amid sweltering heat this June, India’s power stations are stocked wit ...
Friday, 28 June 24
INDIA'S CY23 COAL USE LARGER THAN NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE COMBINED - THE HINDU
For the first time, India’s coal consumption surpassed that of North America and Europe combined in the calendar year 2023, said Energy Insti ...
Monday, 24 June 24
PLN'S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RESTS ON ACCELERATED COAL RETIREMENT AND RENEWABLES DEPLOYMENT - MUTYA YUSTIKA
On 28 May 2024, Indonesia’s national electricity utility, PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), released its financial report for 2023. Althoug ...
Monday, 24 June 24
INDIA'S COAL-BASED POWER DEMAND AT ALL-TIME HIGH, GOVERNMENT SAYS - REUTERS
India’s demand for coal-based power has risen by 7.3% this fiscal year to an all-time high, the government said in a statement on Wednesday.
...
Monday, 24 June 24
CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY TURNS GREENER THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES - PEOPLE'S DAILY
At an opencast mine operated by Inner Mongolia Pingzhuang Coal Group Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of CHN Energy Investment Group (CHN Energy), a 14-meter ...
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Showing 11 to 15 news of total 6871 |
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- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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