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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 10 November 13
PANAMAX COAL FREIGHT RATES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE; SUPRAMAX BIGGEST GAINER - REDDY
COALspot.com: The freight market was up this week with all indices increased except for Panamax index.
The BDI was up by 56 points closing at 158 ...
Friday, 08 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET BOUNCES BACK ON RENEWED DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market staged a mild comeback this week, as the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) inched forward step by step and bit b ...
Friday, 08 November 13
US'S OCTOBER COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED BY 1.78% M-M - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
FORMOSA PLASTICS SEEKS 80K MT OF 5850 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Taiwan's Formosa Plastics Group is inviting bids for 80,000 mt of bituminous coal for delivery in Nov - Dec'13 for its Chi ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT VOLUME INCREASED; REVENUE DECREASED
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the 15th largest economy, 4th largest coal producer in the world and world's largest multi grade coal exporter shipp ...
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- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
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