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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 14 November 23
CHINA'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE TURNS AWAY FROM COAL - WOOD MACKENZIE
Ambitious, contentious and big spending, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is 10 years old. In that time, China has splashed more than U ...
Friday, 10 November 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: OIL UNDER PRESSURE - ING
Energy – Brent plummets
The oil market came under significant pressure yesterday. ICE Brent settled 4.19% lower on the day and ...
Friday, 10 November 23
COAL USE AT U.S. POWER PLANTS CONTINUES DOWNWARD SPIRAL; FULL IMPACT ON MINES TO BE FELT IN 2024 - IEEFA
This year, the use of coal by the U.S.’s power producers has been so anemic that the fuel has not achieved a 20% market share in any month so ...
Friday, 10 November 23
INDIA: NATIONAL COAL INDEX RISES 3.83 POINTS IN SEPTEMBER AMID HIGHER DEMAND - LIVEMINT
The National Coal Index (NCI) rose 3.83 points to 143.91 in September amid growing demand for coal.
The union coal ministry on Tuesd ...
Thursday, 09 November 23
WE'RE PRODUCING TOO MUCH COAL, OIL AND GAS, REPORT SAYS - WSJ
World leaders pledged in 2015 to reduce emissions in a combined effort to limit climate change.
Now they are stepping up production ...
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
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- The University of Queensland
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- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
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- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Planning Commission, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhatia International Limited - India
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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