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Sunday, 26 August 12
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL OVERVIEW
South Africa's indigenous energy resource base is dominated by coal.
Internationally, coal is the most widely used primary fuel, accounting for about 36 percent of the total fuel consumption of the world's electricity production. About 77 percent of South Africa's primary energy needs are provided by coal. This is unlikely to change significantly in the next two decades owing to the relative lack of suitable alternatives to coal as an energy source. Many of the deposits can be exploited at extremely favourable costs and, as a result, a large coal-mining industry has developed.
In addition to the extensive use of coal in the domestic economy, about 28 percent of South Africa's production is exported, mainly through the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, making South Africa the fourth-largest coal exporting country in the world.
South Africa's coal is obtained from collieries that range from among the largest in the world to small-scale producers. As a result of new entrants, operating collieries increased to 64 during 2004. Of these, a relatively small number of large-scale producers supply coal primarily to electricity and synthetic fuel producers.
About 51 percent of South African coal mining is done underground and about 49 percent is produced by open-cast methods. The coal-mining industry is highly concentrated with five companies accounting for 85 percent of saleable coal production.
These companies are:
. Ingwe Collieries Limited, a BHP Billiton subsidiary;
. Anglo Coal;
. Sasol;
. Eyesizwe; and
. Kumba Resources Limited, accounting for 85 percent of the saleable coal production.
Production is concentrated in large mines, with 11 mines accounting for 70 percent of the output. South African coal for local electricity production is among the cheapest in the world. The beneficiation of coal, particularly for export, results in more than 65Mt of coal discards being produced every year.
About 21 percent of the run-of-mine coal produced is exported, and 21 percent is used locally (excluding power-station coal). The rest is not saleable and is discarded.
The remainder of South Africa's coal production feeds the various local industries:
. 62 percent is used for electricity generation;
. 23 percent for petrochemical industries (Sasol);
. 8 percent for general industry;
. 4 percent for the metallurgical industry (Mittal); and
. 4 percent is purchased by merchants and sold locally or exported.
The key role played by South Africa's coal reserves in the economy is illustrated by the fact that Eskom ranks first in the world as a steam coal user and seventh as an electricity generator. Sasol is the largest coal-to-chemicals producer.
By international standards, South Africa's coal deposits are relatively shallow with thick seams, which make them easier and, usually, cheaper to mine. At the present production rate, there should be more than 50 years of coal supply left.
Source: Department of Energy, Republic of South Africa
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Thursday, 13 September 12
PANAMAX: THE NEGATIVE TREND, POOR SENTIMENT CONTINUES - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
Lack of cargoes and a growing list of available ships is causing rates to slip for all Atlantic trades.
The only trade keeping somewhat s ...
Thursday, 13 September 12
FUEL EFFICIENT SHIPS MAY BE MORE EXPENSIVE, BUT THEY MAKE FINANCIAL SENSE SAYS ANALYSIS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The latest trend in shipbuilding is the so called "Eco" ship, i.e. ships which offer much better fuel consumption and are more cost-effect ...
Wednesday, 12 September 12
INDIAS COALGATE: TIME FOR A ROOT CANAL
A recent report from India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) pertaining to the allocation of coal blocks has created a political storm i ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
CLOUDY AND POLICY RISK INDONESIAN COAL INDUSTRY
COALspot.com - Bahana Securities in its latest coal outlook, commented on the Indonesian coal market, with economic slowdown in the four largest coa ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
SHIP OWNERS KEEN ON SECOND HAND VESSEL PURCHASES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
With most ship owners back from their summer rest, things are starting to pick up again in the second hand vessel market, with more and more deals b ...
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- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The University of Queensland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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