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Monday, 20 February 12
COAL BOOM AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN - SUNIL K KUMBHAT
 COALspot.com - The dawn of the 21st century has seen a shift in the world's commercial balance of power, with the dominance of the US, Europe and Japan challenged by the rapid industrialisation of hungry new economies. The rise of the so-called BRIIC nations - Brazil, Russia, India ,Indonesia and China - is giving birth to new global financial centres, vibrant industrial markets and above all surging demand for raw materials to supply new projects.
But where does environmental responsibility fit into this drive for resources?
Growing demand for thermal Coal has created a new coal boom, which is great news for Coal producing countries such as Indonesia, Australia , south Africa . The demand of coal is growing at a massive rate in Asia particularly India and China. Both the coal hungry countries are making efforts to secure supplies by acquiring Coal mines or forming Joint ventures for their new power generating plants.
The demand is fuelling the world prices of coal, although prices are still not as high as witnessed in 2008 when everything peaked before the global financial crisis but there all indications that by 2012/2013 coal prises will reach to record high.
The India and China are becoming the mainstay of the market . Both the countries are having huge Coal reserves ,but still they are importing huge qty of coal to meet there increased demand and as such they are effectively driving the world Coal market and its prices. India’s demand for coal is expected to grow at a faster rate than any other country in the world.
India's rich untapped mineral resources of more than 20 mineral types - including gold, copper, coal and bauxite but the fact that many of these resources are located in rural, heavily forested areas with predominantly tribal populations has raised concerns over the environmental impact of mining operations.
The country has a long history of environmental damage caused by both domestic and international mining companies, as well as the ecological problems from hundreds of abandoned mines in areas like Bihar's Jharia and Rhaniganj coal fields. Like China, India has been plagued by the environmental problems associated with illegal and unlicensed mining operations, which the country's Directorate General of Mines Safety has been ill-equipped to deal with due to funding deficiencies.
Similarly China has come under fire from human rights activists and environmental groups alike for its arguably lax approach to both worker safety (the country has become the mining disaster capital of the world in recent years) and environmental accountability. The Chinese Government's approach to corporate and environmental responsibility has been characterised by outside observers as simply paying lip service to the environment - hinting that ISO guidelines for mining would be welcomed - without implementing practical measures to promote change.
The environmental impact of mining operations in Brazil is also under sharper scrutiny than many other countries, primarily because its borders contain the lion's share of the Amazon rainforest, a haven for biodiversity and one of the most important eco-systems in the world.
As such, environmental awareness is particularly strong in the Brazilian mining industry. Experts from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards are playing a leadership role in the further development of the recently introduced ISO 26000 international standard on social responsibility. Furthermore, licensing for new mining projects is often legally conditional on the drafting of comprehensive environmental impact studies, reports and extensive public consultations, particularly in areas inhabited by tribal groups.
Although carrying out mining operations in a region like the Amazon will be controversial, the environmental commitment seen here and echoed by many other Brazilian mining companies (including industry giant Vale, which has a complex environmental quality management system based on ISO 14001 standards) provides a useful model of awareness for other BRIC nations, and the global mining industry in general, to follow.
India is emerging as a fast economy, targeting 9-10% annual growth. Realizing the underlying growth potential will largely depend on it's ability to meet energy requirements. Energy sector whose growth targets inter alia depend on coal. At a 9% growth rate, the capacity requirement will be 960Gw and energy requirement will be 4,806 billion kWh. In the light of these projections, coal demand is estimated to rise many fold. Main concentration of Indian companies remains in Indonesia as many new mines are opened for exploration , exploitation and production .Today Indonesia is one of the most rapidly developing coal producing country in the world.
For a strong economy, one needs strong infrastructure and power plants. For strong infrastructure and power plants , one needs steel. Steel is the backbone of an economy, and it is metallurgical coal and thermal coal that is used to produce steel and electricity.
An increase in Coal production is the opposite of what the global climate change forums have wanted to see because coal without any doubt is one of the dirtiest and filthiest fossil fuel in terms of CO2 and when it comes to harmful emissions that most environmentalists and energy economists agree causes global warming.
Coal consumption is going in a direction that policy makers would prefer it not to go.
Critical question is whether there is a willingness amongst coal producers and power generating plants to make their technology cleaner, so it emits less greenhouse gases(GHG) which leads to global warming .Energy scientists have long been voicing concern on the rise in the level of Greenhouse gases, which leads to Global warming and climatic changes that are detrimental to economies worldwide.
The disastrous consequences for global climate change is one topic that has now taken very serious dimension but hardly been realised in a serious enough way by the nations across the world.
The new thermal plants being built are certainly more efficient than older ones. There exist technology to have emission-free power plants - the only constraint is the cost. The cost of clean coal technology is very high, yet when we look at the alternatives to coal, they are even higher than that - for example, nuclear, solar, wind. The real costs of all these alternatives are still to be determined, but there is no doubt that clean coal technologies can double the cost of coal in generating energy.
None of the alternatives appears to be commercially viable right now for required generation of energy without considering subsidies and tax incentives . If any country accepts sustainable growth and development as the way forward, it subsumes the climate change issues.
At the same time, no country can ignore the inherent contradiction in the expression ‘sustainable growth’.
Growth essentially involves exploiting natural resources for human benefit and countries have to strike a delicate balance between environmental sustainability and economic growth. It is easier said than done.
As the climate issue impinges on everyone, wisdom demands that nations sink their petty differences in approach and strategy to stem the danger from spreading further and squeezing the survival prospects of one and all.
Principally, the efforts boil down to reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, caused primarily by accelerated economic development through exploitation of fossil fuels rich in carbon dioxide.
Every action does not need to be official or based on protocols. In any case, every country need to adopt new methods and ways of doing things in optimising the use of exhaustible resources, energy and water. Corporations / Institutions must carry out energy analysis and incorporate environmental accounting practices to reduce green house gas emission levels at their facilities. The government, in turn, could enforce a form of taxation based on companies’ contribution to climate change.
Climate change is today's biggest problem, threatening mankind with extinction. The problem, largely of man's own doing, must be treated as an emergency by all.
The president of Indonesia issued a Presidential decree instructing all central and regional authorities to support the moratorium by suspending the granting of permits for the use of “primary natural forests” for two years. This Presidential decree is part of Indonesia’s efforts to comply with the bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Norway on forest conservation.
Various governments worldwide are beginning to put regulations in place and to encourage development of more sustainable sources of power generation in order to protect populations worldwide from the immediate detrimental effects on life and health, and to protect the environment for future generation.
By : Sunil K Kumbhat , Jodhpur( Rajasthan ) India
Views expressed herein are personal views of the author and not that of COALspot.com.
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Monday, 05 March 12
SOUTHGOBI ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL ITS THERMAL COAL TSAGAAN TOLGOI DEPOSIT FOR US$ 30 MILLION
SouthGobi Resources Ltd. (TSX: SGQ, HK: 1878) announced today an agreement to sell its thermal coal property, the Tsagaan Tolgoi Deposit to Modun Re ...
Monday, 05 March 12
SOME RESOURCE TITANS NOT THRILLED WITH INDONESIAN EXPORT BAN - THE JAKARTA GLOBE
The Jakarta Globe reported that, local representatives of major business associations in East Kalimantan have protested a government regulation that ...
Monday, 05 March 12
WEEKLY DRY MARKET OVERVIEW - MARIA BERTZELETOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
An air of optimism poured in the market this week for dry bulk shippers with the Baltic Dry Index recording daily gains during the end of February b ...
Sunday, 04 March 12
SE ASIA WAS FIRM FOR TRIPS TO INDIA AND CHINA - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - This week saw another upward trend with all indices up and generally market was firm.
The BDI was up by 7.38 pct closing at 771 po ...
Friday, 02 March 12
DJMBP HAS ANNOUNCED SECOND BATCH OF CLEAR N CLEAN CERTIFIED MINERS
COALspot.com - The Directorate general of mineral & coal of Indonesia has announced second batch of companies who have passed IUP Clear and Clea ...
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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