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Tuesday, 06 September 11
INDONESIAS PROPOSED COAL EXPORT BAN MAY HAVE IMPACT ON THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR - DIPESH DIPU
.jpg) COALspot.com - This is a special interview about Indonesian proposed coal export ban by 2014, with Mr. Dipesh Dipu, Director of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, India.
The Indonesian government is currently in the process of drafting a new regulation that could ban the export of low-grade coal by January 12, 2014. This is likely to apply to coal below 5700 kcal/kg on air dried basis in value.
As of now Indonesia is producing around 150 million tons of coal with calorific value below 5700 GAD (according to chairman of Indonesian coal mining association). However by 2014, there are possibilities the total production of below 5700 GAD coal may reach more than 200 million per annum.
Will Indonesian coal export ban impact on the Indian fuel requirements?
The earlier grade of coal that was being considered for proposed ban has GCV of 5100 kcal/kg of less (adb), which can be comparable to 3800-4200 kcal/kg (arb) domestic coal available in India. This grade of coal has found favor in India primarily due to likely price advantage but economics of power generation based on such grade of imported coal may be a suspect. This considering that such grades of coal from Indonesia typically have high moisture content, which makes transportation cost per unit of energy generated higher. The quantum of the low grade of coal (<5100 kcal/kg adb) procured from Indonesia is likely to remain relatively low.
However, if the new definition of low grade coal is applied (<5700 kcal/kg adb), it may be reasonable to believe that such a ban may have impact on the Indian power sector as volumes in this grade of coal are expected to rise in the proportion of coal exports to India. Several of the acquisitions made by Indian power generation companies in Indonesia have been in coal blocks that will produce coal of this grade, and a blanket ban on the exports can jeopardize power plant development in India.
On the other hand, the domestic Indonesian market may not be prepared to consume all the coal mined of this grade in view of the power generation capacity addition plans in Indonesia. In such a case, the coal mine development is likely to be deferred. The Indonesian law makers may need to reconsider domestic market demand, investment climate in coal sector and impact of the legislation on the export revenues.
What is the alternative source for Indian power industry if the proposed coal export ban come into effect by 2014?
Indian power generation companies have been forced to look out for coal assets abroad due to the investment and regulatory environment within the country. India boasts of more than 110 billion tonnes of coal reserves, which largely fall within a 300 meters of depth. If the regulatory and investment environment is amended to allow greater participation of private sector Indian dependence on imports will be reduced.
However, for imports, India will continue to look at Indonesia, South Africa, Australia and newer destinations like Mozambique and Columbia. But these sources also have constraints, domestic demands in South Africa is likely to restrict quantum jump in exports out of South Africa. Indonesia has also proposed domestic market obligations. Mozambique may have infrastructure constraints for large volumes of coal being transported from Tete province to ports of Maputo, Ncala or Beira. Australian coal is of high quality but may have higher costs of mining and transport.
What would be the additional cost if Indian consumers switch their sourcing origin from Indonesia?
Indonesia has competitive advantage due to its geographical closeness. However, on a per tonne basis, assuming comparable quality, costs of transport may make marginal difference when compared with South Africa and Mozambique.
When compared to Australian coal, due to the high quality, cost of energy may well be comparable even though shipping costs are higher. Between Indonesian coal (5500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 90 per tonne) and Australian coal (6500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 120 per tonne), indicative variable cost difference of power generation may be about Indian Rupees 0.20 to 0.30 per kWh (electricity unit) in favor of Indonesian coal.
Will it affect Indian economy growth or this coal export ban is ignorable as India can easily identify alternative sources of fuel?
The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal will remain the mainstay. Natural gas has had issues of availability. Nuclear plant development is facing socio-political challenge in view of the risks of technology failure. Development of hydel power has also faced issues of land acquisition, rehabilitation & resettlement apart from the technical issues of hydro-geological features. Renewable sources such as solar and wind generation are still projected to constitute a small portion of India power generation mix. Identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India is a challenge.
What is the Indian government's role on this issue, whether government has to come out with the solution such as easing Indian mining and environment law, open up mining for foreigners, G2G arrangement, etc…?
There is a need to look at domestic sources with pro-active and constructive approach and make all necessary legal and statutory amendments that make the resources available and mineable. Easing the regulations may not be one of such measures but making those regulations work in sync with each other in a time bound and predictable manner must certainly be.
There is certainly a case for opening the domestic coal sector for private participation, including independent miners, and for foreign participation so that newer technology and enhanced scale of operations are implemented in India. The regulation also needs to permit risk capital to come in for prospecting and exploration.
For imports the G2G relations can be leveraged to secure coal assets. India has good relationship with Indonesia and has also signed a tax treaty with Mozambique in 2010 which will facilitate investments. Government may also engage with these countries to ease exports to India and extend fiscal support to coal mining companies investing in mining and associated infrastructure development.
About Dipesh Dipu
Dipesh Dipu works as Director with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Pvt. Ltd in the Energy and Resources consulting practice of the firm and anchors the Firm’s initiative in the mining and metals sectors.
He is a mining engineering graduate from Indian School of Mines and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). He has also done executive program in business management from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. Dipesh has recently been awarded the Abheraj Baldota Gold Medal for the Young Mining Engineer of the Year 2007 by the Mining Engineers’ Association of India in recognition of his contributions in the improvement of mining industry in India.
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Friday, 16 April 10
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- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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