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Wednesday, 13 May 09
COAL SUPPLY MAY BE VASTLY OVERESTIMATED - ABC SCIENCE
The world's coal supply suggests reserves may be vastly overestimated and we could be facing an unprecedented global energy crisis, according to a US expert.
On the flip side, a dwindling supply of coal could also throw the brakes on global warming, some argue.
Common knowledge about coal is that major producing nations like China, the United States and Australia, have enough to last hundreds of years, far beyond the reach of oil, which may already be in its twilight years.
But worldwide coal production could plateau as early as 2025, according to one new estimate, and a growing group of scientists are concerned that fossil fuel supplies may begin dwindling by mid-century.
Last year, David Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology analysed the coal production patterns of five regions around the world - eastern Pennsylvania, France, Germany's Ruhr Valley, the United Kingdom and Japan - each of which was producing at less than a tenth of its peak levels.
He found that each of the depleted regions followed a rough bell curve of production; initial production was followed by a steep ramp-up, a plateau near peak levels, and then a consistent decline.
When he applied the same formula to coal data from around the world, the results were startling.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's maximum estimate for extractable coal is about 3000 billion tonnes. Rutledge's calculations suggest just 600 billion tonnes.
The problem with the IPCC estimate is that it lumps coal reserves, which are easy to mine, with coal resources, which may be impossible to mine.
Time for rethink
Rutledge's study also shows that, historically, national governments in the five regions have overestimated their reserves by a factor of four on average.
"These appraisals are large-scale issues," he says. "But they're done by governments. What's the incentive for governments not to give a number that is too high?"
James Murray of the University of Washington agrees.
In a talk being presented later this month at the American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, he plans to call for a re-evaluation of IPCC emissions scenarios, all 40 of which overstate humanity's ability to emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, according to Rutledge's numbers.
The committee's projections predict CO2 levels in the atmosphere to approach 500 parts per million by 2050, if emissions continue on their current trend.
But Rutledge's work suggest that even if humans burn all the coal and oil we can get our hands on, we won't be able to push CO2 past 450 ppm. Oil sands and other unconventional fossil fuels probably won't add much to that total.
Murray and Rutledge diverge on the question of climate effects, though.
Using IPCC models, Rutlgedge argues that global temperatures won't get higher than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, at the lower end of what scientists think might spark 'dangerous' climate change.
"We're still going to have global warming, and it's a serious threat," says Murray. "I have no doubt the IPCC dramatically underestimates climate sensitivity."
Regardless of climate impacts, the concern over looming energy scarcity may be more acute than ever.
"I think we'll see peak coal somewhere between 2025 and 2035," says Richard Heinberg of the Post Carbon Institute in California. "This has huge economic implications. Without growth in our energy supplies, it's very difficult to see how we're going to grow the economy."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/13/2569143.htm
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Tuesday, 02 June 09
ADARO MAY RAISE COAL SALES TO CHINA, INDIA PLANTS - THE JAKARTA GLOBE
PT Adaro Energy, the country’s second-largest coal producer, may increase sales of power-plant coal to China and India on signs of a global ec ...
Monday, 01 June 09
LAHAT RELIES ON COAL FOR GROWTH
Lahat regency in South Sumatra spans 6,618.27 square kilometers, encompasses 19 districts and covers 528 subdistricts and villages. It is inhabited ...
Monday, 01 June 09
LANDED COST OF IMPORTED COAL HAS INCREASED BY 10 - 15% COMPARE TO EARLY THIS YEAR - PAKISTAN TRADERS
COALspot.com (Pakistan): Due to visiting non commercial vessels occupied commercial berths in Karachi port, coal carrying vessels were sufferi ...
Monday, 01 June 09
LAHAT RELIES ON COAL FOR GROWTH - THE JAKARTA POST
Lahat regency in South Sumatra spans 6,618.27 square kilometers, encompasses 19 districts and covers 528 subdistricts and villages. It is inhabited ...
Saturday, 30 May 09
THE CHINESE IMPORTS OF IRON ORE,COAL AND NICKEL ORE SEEMED TO BE STEADY - VISTAAR SINGAPORE
COALspot.com (Singapore): VISTAAR Shipping Pte Limited, an experienced ship operator from Singapore,said, the Baltic index rally continued this week ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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