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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Sunday, 23 September 12
AN ANOTHER UNSTABLE WEEK FOR INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for November 2012 delivery lost 1.10 percent and 0.916 percent WOW and DOD respectively ...
Sunday, 23 September 12
INDIA IMPORTED 11.40 PERCENT MORE INDONESIAN COAL IN AUGUST
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world largest multi grade coal exporter, shipped 26,451,565* tons of coal in August 2012, compared to 27.88* mill ...
Saturday, 22 September 12
SOFT BUNKER PRICES KEEP INDONESIA TO INDIA FREIGHTS STABLE - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market overall remained buoyant with all indices up except for Panamax index. The main effect seems to be increased shipm ...
Friday, 21 September 12
SHIP BREAKING ACTIVITY REACHES NEW RECORDS, AS ALREADY 2012 LEVELS HAVE SURPASSED THE WHOLE OF 2011 - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The vast oversupply of vessels, most notably in the dry bulk shipping sector, has forced ship owners to intensify their efforts towards recycling th ...
Thursday, 20 September 12
SUPRAMAX : INDO-INDIA ROUNDS WERE AROUND USD 12K - FEARNLEYS
Handy
Not a bad week for Supramax tonnage, if we compare Supramax developments to the bigger size tonnage. The rates have basically remained unchan ...
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- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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