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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Friday, 12 October 12
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES OCCUR IN THE SECOND HAND VESSEL MARKETS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Although 2012 has by now evolved into one of the most challenging years for global shipping industry, ship owners are scouting the second hand ship ...
Thursday, 11 October 12
SINGAPORE BASED COAL SOURCE AND SHIPPING BAGS 300K MT IMPORTED COAL SUPPLY CONTRACT FROM TNPL
COALspot.com - India-based paper manufacturer Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited has awarded a tender for 300,000 mt of imported steam co ...
Thursday, 11 October 12
PANAMAX : SINCE LAST WEEK RATES HAS FIRMED FOR ALL TRADES - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Atlantic market remains quiet due to lack of cargoes and more supply of ships. Rates from Continent to East Med were around USD 14k and B ...
Thursday, 11 October 12
DRY BULK MARKET STEADY AFTER CHINESE HOLIDAYS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market hasn't yet staged a solid rebound after last week's holidays in China, as many would have expected. Indeed, many analysts were ...
Wednesday, 10 October 12
NEW BUILDING MARKET ON A QUIET WEEK, DUE TO ASIAN HOLIDAYS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The newbuilding ordering activity has been more than quite during the course of the past week, as a result of holidays in both Korea and China. Acco ...
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The University of Queensland
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
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