We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Saturday, 22 December 12
FALL IN CAPE AND PANAMAX RATES DRAG BDI INDEX - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market further softened this week closing at 700 points (down by 10.71 pct). The cape index continued to fall and w ...
Saturday, 22 December 12
DELTA DUNIA MAKMUR PRODUCED 3.2 MILLION TONS OF COAL IN NOVEMBER' 12
COALspot.com - PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk., has removed 28.1 million bcm* (+1.8% YoY) of Overburden in November 2012 while coal production was at 3.2 ...
Friday, 21 December 12
JORC CODE, 2012 EDITION NOW FINALIZED
COALspot.com - The JORC Committee has announced that, the completion of the review of the JORC Code of 2012 Edition.
The JORC Code, 2012 Ed ...
Thursday, 20 December 12
COAL CLOSING IN ON OIL AS WORLD'S TOP ENERGY SOURCE BY 2017
COALspot.com - Coal’s share of the global energy mix continues to rise, and by 2017 coal will come close to surpassing oil as the world’ ...
Thursday, 20 December 12
CHINA'S IRON ORE AND COAL DEMAND WILL SHAPE THE CAPESIZE DRY BULK TRADE DURING 2013 - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Despite the best efforts from ship owners to help alleviate the current tonnage oversupply issue in the dry bulk segment, especially in the larger v ...
|
|
|
Showing 4456 to 4460 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The University of Queensland
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
