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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Friday, 01 February 13
HANDY - FLAT; PANAMAX - FLAT TO WEAK; CAPESIZE - WEAK
Handy
The Atlantic market remained stable with no significant movement in rates. Rates from USG to FEast were around USD 17k and Black sea to Feast ...
Thursday, 31 January 13
DRY BULK RATES ON A FALLING PATTERN DUE TO ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The seasonal factor has emerged as the latest catalyst in determining the course of the dry bulk market, as the floods in eastern Australia, the big ...
Thursday, 31 January 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 2.70 MMT OF COAL W/E 28 JANUARY 2013
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,703,921 MT of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 28 January 2013, Newca ...
Thursday, 31 January 13
MMTC TO IMPORT 2.68 MMT OF COAL FOR ARAVALI POWER CORPORATION LTD
COALspot.com: The tender floated by MMTC on behalf of Aravali Power Corporation Ltd, a Joint venture between NTPC and State of Haryana for supply of ...
Wednesday, 30 January 13
TNPL TO SECURE 300K MT OF IMPORTED COAL SUPPLIES AT US$ 75.95 PMT FOR MARCH - AUGUST 2013 DELIVERY
COALspot.com – Chennai based Coastal Energy Private Limited (C&O Group of companies) offered lowest price of US$ 75.95 per met ...
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
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- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
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- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The University of Queensland
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
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- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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