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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 11 September 13
ASIA - PACIFIC THERMAL COAL MARKET TO REMAIN OVERSUPPLIED IN NEXT 12 MONTHS - FITCH RATINGS
COALspot.com: Fitch Ratings says the Asia-Pacific thermal coal market will remain oversupplied in the next 12 months because strong production has b ...
Tuesday, 10 September 13
COAL EXPORTS AT AUSTRALIA'S NEWCASTLE PORT SLIP 30.31% ON WEEK TO 2.36 MMT
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port down 30.31 per cent week on week to 2.36 million mt f ...
Tuesday, 10 September 13
WORLDWIDE COAL CONSUMPTION RISES SHARPLY - RA DR. ERICH SCHMITZ
By: RA Dr. Erich Schmitz, Verein der Kohlenimporteure (Germany Coal Importers Association)
World hard coal market in the first half of 2013: worl ...
Monday, 09 September 13
REBOUND IN NEWBUILDING ORDERS HASN'T HURT DRY BULK MARKET PROSPECTS, BUT SHIP OWNERS SHOULD STILL BE CAUTIOUS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Since the start of 2013 and up until the end of August, one thing has really caught the headlines in the dry bulk market, except of course, the frei ...
Sunday, 08 September 13
Q3 2014 THERMAL COAL SWAPS : STEADY DIRECTION
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery up 1.88 percent month on month. The swap was moved ...
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- CNBM International Corporation - China
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
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- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
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- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
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- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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- White Energy Company Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Planning Commission, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
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- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- PTC India Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The University of Queensland
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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- MS Steel International - UAE
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