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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 15 October 13
CHINA COAL IMPORTS TO KEEP GROWING IN THE YEARS TO COME, ALBEIT AT A SLOWER RATE - EVA TZIMA / NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
In its latest monthly report, shipbroker Intermodal highlighted the growing role of coal in the energy mix. According to Intermodal's research anal ...
Tuesday, 15 October 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 6.50% MORE COAL W-O-W
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 6.50 per cent week on week to 3.19 million mt for ...
Monday, 14 October 13
MEMR OF INDONESIA SETS THE COAL'S SPOT PRICE AT US$ 76.61 FOR OCT'13 DELIVERY
COALspot. com - The Indonesian government has revised down government declared coal bench mark price by US$ 0.28/ MT to US$ 76.61 for October 2013 d ...
Monday, 14 October 13
CARBON POLICIES UNLIKELY TO PREVENT A COAL-FUELLED WORLD - WOOD MACKENZIE
China will propel coal growth but US, Europe and Asia will sustain global demand.
At the World Energy Congress (WEC) today Wood Mackenzie's Pres ...
Sunday, 13 October 13
Q4'13 DELIVERY SUB-BIT INDO COAL SWAP FALLS SEVEN STRAIGHT WEEK
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery fell 1.72 percept month on month on Friday 11 October 201 ...
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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