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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 29 October 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 12.29 PER CENT MORE COAL W-W
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 12.29 per cent week on week to 3.61 million mt for ...
Monday, 28 October 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL FOR Q3'14 DELIVERY LOST ON D-D,W-W & M-M
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q4 2013 delivery fell 0.22 percept M-M on Friday 25 October 2013. The CFR South China Co ...
Monday, 28 October 13
COAL SWAP FOR Q3' 2014 DELIVERY LOST ON D-D, W-W AND M-M
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery gained 0.46 percept month on month on Friday 25 October 2 ...
Saturday, 26 October 13
PANAMAX CHARTER RATES FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA STAY FIRM - SOLYM
COALspot.com: The freight market showed tendency of softness with Cape and Panamax futures and physical soft.
The BDI was down by 12 pct week end ...
Saturday, 26 October 13
DRY BULK MARKET KEEPS ON RETREATING, BUT NEW BUILDING ORDERS KEEP ON PILING - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market kept on retreating this week, with the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) falling to 1,708 points, down 78 on the ...
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- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Australian Coal Association
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- White Energy Company Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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