We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 13 November 13
Q3' 14 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS CLOSED HIGHER THAN Q1' 14 PRICES
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1 14 delivery gained 0.55 percept W-W on Friday 8 November 2013. The CFR South China Co ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
THE SOFTENING HAS AFFECTED THE BIGGER SIZE SEGMENTS; SMALLER ONES STILL APPEAR TO BE VERY STABLE - INTERMODAL
After a month and a half of back to back weekly declines, the dry bulk market has finally reversed its negative course. We believe that there should ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET HAS REVERSED ITS NEGATIVE COURSE - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Stable+ )
The Dry Bulk market has reversed its negative course this past week with rates for Capes making up fo ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS PLUNGE 12.40% IN W/E 10 NOVEMBER FROM THE PRIOR WEEK
COALspot.com: In the week ended November 11, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totaled 2.42 ...
Monday, 11 November 13
TAMIL NADU STATE OWNED POWER GENERATOR TO IMPORT 3.7 MMT OF 6000 GAD COAL
COALspot.com - TANGEDCO, Tamil Nadu Generation & Distribution Corporation Ltd, Tamil Nadu state owned power generator & distributor intends ...
|
|
|
Showing 4016 to 4020 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PTC India Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
