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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 04 December 13
SGX'S MONTHLY VOLUMES REACHED A RECORD HIGH OF 705,000 MT IN NOVEMBER 2013
COALspot.com: SGX has announced that, it monthly volumes have reached a record high of 705 lots (705,000 mt) in November 2013 with month-end open in ...
Tuesday, 03 December 13
PORT OF NEWCASTLE IN QUEENSLAND SHIPPED 1.22 MMT MORE COAL W-W
COALspot.com: In the week ended December 2, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled 3.49 ...
Tuesday, 03 December 13
U.S PRODUCED 900.80 MMST YEAR-TO-DATE
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.7 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Monday, 02 December 13
SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Q1 AND Q3 DELIVERIES ARE VERY MARGINAL
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained $ 1.67 pmt month on month on Friday 29 Novemb ...
Sunday, 01 December 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR Q2 AND Q3 DELIVERY SHOWS A DECLINE
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1’ 14 delivery gained 0.63 percept d-d on Friday 29 November 2013. The CFR South ...
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- Planning Commission, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
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