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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 28 January 14
RESOURCE NATIONALISM OR PROTECTIONISM FOR THE MINING AND EXTRACTIVES INDUSTRY - JOHN WHITTAKER & MICHAEL SWANGARD
Resource nationalism or protectionism for the mining and extractives industry as well as soft commodities sector and the oil industry.
‘Res ...
Tuesday, 28 January 14
DRY BULK SHIP OWNERS RETREAT TO OLD 'HABITS', REFUSING TO DEMOLISH OLD VESSELS, THREATENING MARKET RECOVERY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
If one thing is clear as we reflect on the 2013 shipping markets, it's that ship owners took advantage of low prices, in order to acquire newer ton ...
Monday, 27 January 14
MERCATOR SINGAPORE REPORTS 52% INCREASE IN EBITDA FOR Q3 FY 2014 AS COMPARED TO PREVIOUS QUARTER
COALspot.com: Mercator Lines (Singapore) Limited, a leading Indian-owned international dry bulk shipping company that operates a fleet of fourteen d ...
Monday, 27 January 14
13TH CLEAN COAL FORUM 2014
COALspot.com: (Press Release) - Produced by CDMC Events, The 13th Clean Coal Forum 2014 will be held on June 12 &13 2014 in Beijing, China. We a ...
Monday, 27 January 14
Q3 & Q4 API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS CONTINUE TO REMAIN WEAK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1 14 delivery lost 4.45 percent month on month and closed at US$ 79.05 per mt as on Frid ...
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- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
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