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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Thursday, 06 February 14
THE WORLD LARGEST COAL EXPORTER SHIPPED AROUND 35.90 MMT OF COAL IN DECEMBER 2013
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world 4th largest coal producer and the Global largest multi grade coal exporter shipped around $2* billion worth ...
Thursday, 06 February 14
PANAMAX: FAR EAST IS ALMOST ABSENT AND ATLANTIC ON SLOW STEAM
Handy
Due to ongoing Chinese New Year the market is still quiet. Slowly we can see some fresh coal cargos entering the market with second half Feb/ ...
Wednesday, 05 February 14
DRY BULK MARKET HAS LOST FURTHER GROUND THIS PAST WEEK - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market has lost further ground this past week as activity ex-Far East disappeared into the Chinese holidays and owners id ...
Wednesday, 05 February 14
MARKET INSIGHT - TASOS PAPADOPOULOS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
COALspot.com: Let's take a break from market prospects, numbers, order book etc. and shed some light on the conclusions of ...
Tuesday, 04 February 14
NEWCASTLE PORT'S WEEKLY COAL EXPORTS HIT NEW HIGH OF 3.53 MMT
COALspot.com: In the week ended 3 February 2014, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totalled ...
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- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
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- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
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- Planning Commission, India
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- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
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- The University of Queensland
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- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
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- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
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- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
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- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
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- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- VISA Power Limited - India
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- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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- CNBM International Corporation - China
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