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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 25 February 14
SGX'S MONTHLY VOLUMES DRASTICALLY INCREASED AND REACHED A RECORD OF 810K TONNES YEAR-ON-YEAR
COALspot.com: SGX Thermal Coal derivatives started the new year with record volumes in January on the back of higher volatility, says SGX.
Accord ...
Monday, 24 February 14
DRY BULK MARKET TO IMPROVE OVER THE COURSE OF 2014, BUT OVERSUPPLY STILL AN ISSUE SAYS BIMCO'S CHIEF SHIPPING ANALYST
As a gruelling first quarter edges closer to the end, dry bulk ship owners are looking at an improved second quarter demand, which, coupled with slo ...
Monday, 24 February 14
INDONESIAN SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL SWAP FOR DELIVERY APRIL - JUNE 2014 SLIDES TO $ 58.60 PMT
COALspot.com – Indonesia, the world’s the largest exporter of the thermal coal's swaps for delivery April - June 2014 slide week ended ...
Monday, 24 February 14
Q1 2015 DELIVERY COAL SWAP CLOSED AT 2.62% HIGHER THAN Q2 2014 CLOSING SWAPS
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q2 14 deliveries lost 2.68 percent month on month and closed at US$ 76.20 per mt as on Fr ...
Saturday, 22 February 14
SHIPPING POISED TO RALLY AFTER SEVERAL WEEKS OF DROP
COALspot.com: The freight market was steady to firm with the dry bulk index up by 6.24 pct closing at 1,175 points week on week and the cape index w ...
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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