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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 16 April 14
Q1 2014 : TERMS OF FREIGHT RATES THE PERFORMANCE IN THE DRY BULK MARKET HAS NOT MET THE HIGH EXPECTATIONS - INTERMODAL
This year the dates for the celebration of Easter will coincide for the Orthodox and the Catholic, so we are already seeing most people in the m ...
Tuesday, 15 April 14
NEWCASTLE SHIPPED MORE COAL WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: In the week ended 07:00 hours 14 April 2014, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensl ...
Monday, 14 April 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDO COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 15 DELIVERY CLOSED AT US$ 60.12 PER MT
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q4’ 2014 gain on month and on week according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap's reports rele ...
Monday, 14 April 14
INDONESIA'S Q1 COAL PRODUCTION LITTLE CHANGED EVEN WITH PRICE DROP - INVESTOR DAILY
Indonesia’s coal production by volume in the first quarter remained little changed from the same period last year despite the decline in t ...
Monday, 14 April 14
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS GAIN FOR THE MONTH & WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q2 14 deliveries gained 4.61 percent month on month and closed at US$ 76.18 per mt as ...
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- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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