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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 04 June 14
SKULD: DIVERSIFICATION AND A ROBUST BOTTOM LINE
In February, I was delighted to ring in the new policy year with the Skuld team following a solid renewal round and a strong year. 2013 was, in man ...
Monday, 02 June 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAPS LOST GROUND THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q3’ 2014 lost on day, week and on month according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap's reports re ...
Monday, 02 June 14
SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP WAS SHOWING A POSITIVE MOVE IN Q4, INSTEAD OF THIS WEEK'S WEAK TREND
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q3 14 deliveries lost 3.39 percent month on month and closed at US$ 72.65 per mt as on F ...
Sunday, 01 June 14
INDO - INDIA SUPRMAX FREIGHT RATES CONTINUED TO DOWN THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market was soft this past week as all sectors soften particularly Panamax index was lost 129 points or 12.88% week on wee ...
Friday, 30 May 14
CLEAN COAL PROCESSING & CONVERSION ASIA SUMMIT 2014
Clean Coal Processing & Conversion Asia Summit 2014 will be held on Nov 20-21st, 2014 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
With the cooperation of ...
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
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- Economic Council, Georgia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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- VISA Power Limited - India
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Australian Coal Association
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Planning Commission, India
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- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
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