We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 23 June 14
INDONESIAN COAL SWAP FOR Q3 DELIVERY LOST 8.60% Y-O-Y;4.80% M-O-M
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q3’ 2014 lost on day, week and on month according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap's reports re ...
Monday, 23 June 14
COAL SWAPS DROPS FURTHER MONTH ON MONTH ON WEAK DEMAND
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q3 14 deliveries lost 6.91 percent month on month and closed at US$ 69.00 per mt a ...
Sunday, 22 June 14
THE PANAMAX COAL FREIGHT FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA SLIPPED THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange's main sea freight index, which tracks rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities, fell slightly on Friday ...
Friday, 20 June 14
DRY BULK MARKET LOOKING FOR UPSIDE ON ROBUST SEABORNE IRON ORE TRADE - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market hasn’t been able to justify the heightened expectations this year. Yesterday, the Baltic Dry Index managed to inch forwar ...
Friday, 20 June 14
US WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION DROPS 1.8% WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 18.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in a ...
|
|
|
Showing 3646 to 3650 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The University of Queensland
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
