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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Monday, 28 July 14
Q3' 14, SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP GAINED $ 0.08 DAY ON DAY AND $ 0.68 WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q3’ 2014 increased by just US$ 0.08 day on day and US$ 0.68 week on week. The swap was lost U ...
Monday, 28 July 14
S. KOREA'S KOSPO SEEKS 148K T OF 4700 NAR COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co Ltd (KOSPO) is seeking 148,000 tonnes of 4,700 kcal/kg NCV steaming coal for shipment between October to Nove ...
Monday, 28 July 14
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP SLIGHTLY UP WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Coal price falling is continues as the impact oversupply and lower demand. The swap for Q3, Q4 and Q1 2015 showing slight improvement ...
Sunday, 27 July 14
RAMADAN HOLIDAYS IN INDONESIA PUTTING PRESSURE ON CHARTER RATES FROM INDONESIA - VISTAAR INDIA
COALspot.com: The freight rates were almost steady as very slight improvement in BDI by about 1 pct. The BDI was at 739 points after improvin ...
Saturday, 26 July 14
COAL MINING COMPANIES CLOSED TEMPORARILY - THE JAKARTA POST
The Sarolangun regency administration in Jambi has suspended the operations of 10 coal mining companies in line with a circular issued by Regent Ce ...
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- The University of Queensland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
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